The Most Common Strategy Mistakes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics (the law of demand and supply) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial matters (the law of interest and flexibly) - Essay Example The value that individuals are happy to pay for a specific item corresponds with the amount of merchandise provided are provided by the providers in the market. In monetary terms, the law of flexibly expresses that the cost of the item assumes an essential job in deciding the measure of merchandise that can be delivered at a specific period since this is the thing that individuals will purchase at that point. Consequently, the law of gracefully is straightforwardly identified with the cost of the item given that it shapes the conduct of providers. The connection between the cost of the item and the amount provided can be graphically outlined utilizing charts called flexibly bends. As going to be clarified, it very well may be seen that there is a development along the gracefully bend just as a move in position of a similar flexibly bend to one side or to one side because of different reasons. All things considered, this exposition tries to assess the fundamental contrast between deve lopment along the flexibly bend just as a move in position of the gracefully bend. Different elements that can add to the move in the gracefully bend are likewise going to be sketched out and talked about in detail. As indicated by Kotler and Armstrong (2004), a flexibly bend is utilized to show the amount of items that can be provided into the market at a specific cost. This bend is diagrammatically introduced in an upward incline where each point along the slant portrays the cost of the products and the amount provided at that specific moment.... In the event that the cost is high, this likewise involves the degree of flexibly is additionally high since the makers will gracefully more which is probably going to bring about the age of more income which comprises the nuts and bolts of each business. All things considered, there is an upward or descending development along the flexibly bend as appeared in Figure 1 underneath. Figure 1 Source: http://www.investopedia.com/college/financial aspects/economics3.asp As outlined in the chart above, focuses A, B and C are demonstrating the connection between the cost of the item and its flexibly. An upward development along the flexibly bend from guide B toward C shows that an expansion in the cost of the item likewise implies an increment in gracefully. It tends to be seen that P2 is bring down that P3 while simultaneously Q2 is lower than Q3. Cost is the significant determinant of the developments along the gracefully bend. The development can likewise be descending where lower costs will mean the amount provided is low also. The higher the value, the higher the items liable to be provided given that more income will be produced because of significant expenses. Then again, a move in the flexibly bend happens when there is a change which is corresponding to the first situation of the gracefully bend. This move can be on the left side or right half of the first gracefully bend. At the point when this move happens, the cost of the item continues as before (Netmba, 2010). There are different factors which are unique in relation to value change that can cause the gracefully bend to move either to one side or right half of the first flexibly bend. For example, an improvement in assembling innovation can prompt a move in the flexibly bend. There are additionally different components that can cause the flexibly bend to move as

The rhetoric and reality of employee involvement Essay Example for Free

The talk and truth of representative association Essay Presentation †The satisfactory business worldview changed after some time. Sometime in the past the acknowledged idea of successful administration depended to a great extent on what the top administration thinks best for the organization, leaving the remainder of the organization particularly industrial laborers with practically zero interest at all in how an organization develops and changes after some time. As what Gupta and Sharma (2004) composed, â€Å"The antiquated perspective on representative inclusion worker adhering to the businesses guidance as a byproduct of compensation urges representatives to be uninvolved, take somewhat activity and frequently see themselves as foes of the endeavor and its administration (Gupta and Sharma, 2004, p. 203).† Be that as it may, today, numerous business experts have confidence in the idea of representative inclusion and investment. This is a wide idea which incorporates numerous things (for example worker strengthening, proactive methodology towards approach evaluation, and so on), yet the essential statute of representative contribution is the cognizant exertion of the administration to plan a working environment that permits workers to effectively take an interest in the way the organization moves towards its bearing. The idea of representative contribution and cooperation is a significant perspective in effective administration of an organization. Gennard and Judge (2005) composed, â€Å"There is this significant suspicion behind representative inclusion hypothesis in particular, the representatives are an undiscovered asset with information and experience which can be utilized by businesses on the off chance that they give openings and structures to laborer contribution (Gennard and Judge, 2005, p. 182).† Yet, the principle issue today is this: regardless of the way that numerous worker’s rights supporters and business experts focuses to the centrality of representative contribution in an organization, it appears that the idea of worker association stays to be a fantasy; that current association structure despite everything renders representative inclusion and cooperation as something that has no bearing by any stretch of the imagination. Proposition †With the developing flood in the improvement of expert assistance consultancy firms, individuals are likewise pondering about the specific job and effect that human investigator and representatives make during the key phases of examination. In the time of keen PCs and complex programming that guides individuals to think and settle on the most ideal choice and aids organization the executives, the inquiry presently is (remotely) how noteworthy truly is the job of the human examiners in the planning of the choices for dynamic for the company’s customer, and (inside), how huge is worker interest toward the path and development of the organization like Analysys Mason Ltd. As an organization, Analysys Mason Ltd extraordinarily relies upon the ability of its representatives so it can convey arrangements that drives away existing or forthcoming issues that an organization may confront. This demonstration is an away from of the job of human mediation and job in critical thinking. In any case, is this specific arrangement, the utilizing of the human job and mediation †is a similar equation at work when Analysys Mason Ltd is confronted with the undertaking of tackling its own inward issues, or does the organization practice a strategy that significantly underestimates the job and investment of the worker in how inside corporate concerns are being tended to in the organization? T o have the option to determine the job and cooperation of representatives in the outside and inward endeavors of the organization and to know whether the organization is either choking out the roads wherein worker inclusion would flourish or overlooking the conceivable commitment of worker association towards organization development, it is critical to make a top to bottom investigation of the organization just as audit news and different materials that may contain data that can demonstrate the genuine circumstance of representative contribution inside Analysys Mason Ltd. To have the option to additionally comprehend the idea of representative inclusion and cooperation and interface it with the present circumstance present in the chose organization, it is critical to likewise survey the accessible writing that handles the issue of business association, similar to crafted by Bratton and Gold (2001), who expounded on how â€Å"the point of worker contribution is to advance workers’ enthusiasm for the achievement of the association (Bratton and Gold, 200, p. 300).† End †The examination of the degree of work inclusion utilizing an objective organization is a perfect way to deal with making an organization based-evaluation from which future investigations can be referenced from.  Through considers this way, other significant data like the pooling of the required assets to permit the accomplishment of work inclusion systems can be distinguished. List of sources Bratton, John and Jeffrey Gold. (February 2001). Human Resource Management: Theory what's more, Practice. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Byron, James S. what's more, Vitalo, Raphael L. (April 2004). Utilizing Working With Others Training Sessions to Drive Employee Involvement [Internet], Vital Enterprises.Available from: http://www.vitalentusa.com/learn/drive_ei.php [Accessed 4 June 2008]. EmploymentInvolvement.com (2005). [Internet]. http://www.employeeinvolvement.com/[Accessed 4 June 2008]. Business Involvement Advisor. (April 23, 2008). Drawing in Employees [Internet]. Accessible from: http://employeeinvolvementadvisor.blogspot.com/[Accessed 4 June 2008]. Representative Involvement Association (2006). The Employee Involvement Association [Internet]. Accessible from http://www.eianet.org/[Accessed 4 June 2008]. Gennard, John and Judge, Graham. (2005). Representative Relations. Sanctioned Institute of Personnel and Development. CIPD Publishing. Gifford J, Neathey F, Loukas G. (December 2005). Representative Involvement Information, Meeting and Discretion [Internet]. Report 427, Institute for Employment Studies. Accessible from http://www.employment-studies.co.uk/bars/summary.php?id=427 [Accessed 4 June 2008]. Gupta, Jatinder N. D.â and Sharma. (2004). Clever Enterprises of the 21st Century. Thought Group Incorporated. Insightlink Communications (April 2005). Bosses and Employees Making the Marriage Work: The Importance of Employee Commitment [Internet] Available from: http://www.insightlink.com/employee_commitment.html [Accessed 4 June 2008]. The Official Website of Analysys Mason Ltd. Accessible from: http://www.analysysmason.com/[Accessed 4 June 2008].

Restaurant Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Café Industry - Research Paper Example total national output. The general financial effect of the café business is relied upon to surpass $1.5 trillion of every 2008, remembering deals for related enterprises, for example, horticulture, transportation and assembling. Notwithstanding being exceptionally serious, the café business is frequently influenced by changes in customer tastes and optional spending designs; changes by and large monetary conditions; open security conditions; segment patterns; climate conditions; the expense and accessibility of crude materials, work and vitality; buying force; and government guidelines. The café business confronted a few financial difficulties in 2007, including rising food and work costs and heightening gas costs that made the income development stay languid. The expense of food and drinks represent around 33 pennies of each dollar of eatery deals and is one of the most basic things on their salary explanations (alongside work costs, which likewise speak to around 33% of café deals). Rising corn costs involve worry as it fills in as an essential fixing in most food things and its consistent increment sets off an undulating impact that will in general influence all food costs. The rising gas costs remain the greatest worry for the business which takes steps to strike the frugal purchasers and their feasting inclinations. The eating out I The eating out industry has additionally fallen prey to the surge of merger and obtaining exercises that makes an unsteadiness inside the business. The business is gauge to fail to meet expectations the more extensive market throughout the following a while and henceforth potential financial specialists are reluctant and may concentrate on different segments. Notwithstanding, long haul possibilities are incredible with expanding presentation to worldwide markets and the mounting ubiquity of feasting out. The Cheesecake Factory The Cheesecake Factory was the acknowledgment of a fantasy for Oscar and Evelyn Overton who began their business with heating and selling cheesecakes in Los Angeles. The organization started activities in 1972 as a bread cook and wholesaler of cheesecakes and other pastry kitchen items. They opened the principal café in 1978 in Beverly Hills, California and in this way began the development of a worldwide chain of cafés. As of now the organization works 139 feasting cafés under The Cheesecake Factory mark in 34 states and the District of Columbia and 13 under the Grand Lux Caf mark in nine states. The Cheesecake Factory is an upscale eating eatery that proposals more than 200 menu things including pizza, fish, steaks, burgers, servings of mixed greens, sandwiches and pastries, and more than 40 assortments of cheesecake and other prepared treats. The eatery idea endeavors to give an unmistakable, top notch feasting involvement with moderate costs by offering a broad, inventive and developing menu in an upscale, high-vitality easygoing setting with productive, mindful and amicable help. A portion of their well known cheesecakes incorporate the Original Cheesecake, Godiva Chocolate, Key Lime Cheesecake, Carmel Pecan Turtle, White Chocolate Caramel Macademia Nut and Fresh Strawberry. Corporate Growth Strategies The business procedure is centered around a reasonable allotment of capital planned to upgrade in general profit per share development and increment returns on contributed capital. Operationally, the organization endeavors to improve profitability and effectiveness using innovation and a

The Bandwagon Effect as a Cognitive Bias

The Bandwagon Effect as a Cognitive Bias Theories Social Psychology Print Bandwagon Effect as a Cognitive Bias By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on August 08, 2019 Henrik Sorensen / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The bandwagon effect refers to the tendency people have to adopt a certain behavior, style, or attitude simply because  everyone else is doing it.?? The more people that adopt a particular trend, the more likely it becomes that other people will also hop on the bandwagon.   The bandwagon effect is part of a larger group of cognitive biases  or errors in thinking that influence the judgments and decisions that people make. Cognitive biases are often designed to help people think and reason more quickly, but they often introduce miscalculations and mistakes.?? Examples of the Bandwagon Effect Fashion: Many people begin wearing a certain style of clothing as they see others adopt the same fashions.Music: As more and more people begin listening to a particular song or musical group, it becomes more likely that other individuals will listen as well.Social Networks: As increasing numbers of people start using certain online social networking websites, other individuals become more likely to begin using those sites as well. The bandwagon effect can also influence how posts are shared as well as interactions within online groups.Diets: When it seems like everyone is adopting a certain fad diet, people become more likely to try the diet themselves.Elections: People are more likely to vote for the candidate that they think is winning. Influential Factors So, why exactly does the bandwagon effect occur? Individuals are highly influenced by the pressure and norms exerted by groups. When it seems like the majority of the group is doing a certain thing, not doing that thing becomes increasingly difficult. This pressure can impact many different aspects of behavior, from what people wear to who they vote for in political races. Some of the factors that can influence the bandwagon effect include: Groupthink The bandwagon effect is essentially a type of groupthink. As more people adopt a particular fad or trend, the more likely it becomes that other people will also hop on the bandwagon. When it seems that everyone is doing something, there is a tremendous pressure to conform, which is perhaps why the bandwagon behaviors tend to form so easily.?? A Desire to Be Right People want to be right. They want to be part of the winning side. Part of the reason people conform is that they look to other people in their social group for information about what is right or acceptable.?? If it seems like everyone else is doing something, then people are left with the impression that it is the correct thing to do. A Need to Be Included Fear of exclusion also plays a role in the bandwagon effect.?? People generally do not want to be the odd one out, so going along with what the rest of the group is doing is a way to ensure inclusion and social acceptance. The need to belong pressures people to adopt the norms and attitudes of the majority to gain acceptance and approval from the group. While the bandwagon effect can be very powerful and leads to the ready formation of trends, these behaviors also tend to be somewhat fragile. People jump on the bandwagon quickly, but they also jump off it just as fast. This is perhaps why trends tend to be so fleeting. Negative and Dangerous Effects of the Bandwagon Effect The impact of these bandwagon trends is often relatively harmless, such as in fashion, music, or pop culture fads. Sometimes they can be far more dangerous. When certain ideas begin to take hold, such as particular attitudes toward health issues, bandwagon beliefs can have serious and damaging consequences. Some negative or even dangerous examples of the bandwagon effect: Individuals who were influenced by the anti-vaccination movement, for example, became less likely to get routine childhood immunizations for their children. This large-scale avoidance of vaccinations has been linked to a recent measles outbreak.Researchers have found that when people learn that a particular candidate is leading in the polls, they are more likely to change their vote to conform to the winning side.?? In one study carried out during the 1992 U.S. presidential election, students who learned that Bill Clinton was leading the race in some polls switched their intended vote from Bush to Clinton.?? A Word From Verywell While the bandwagon effect can have dangerous consequences, it can also lead to the adoption of healthy behaviors. If it seems that the majority of people reject unhealthy behaviors (such as smoking) and embrace healthy choices (such as exercising and working out), people may then become more likely to avoid risky choices and engage in healthy actions.

Texas Bill of Rights Essay - 275 Words

Texas Bill of Rights (Essay Sample) Content: [Name][Instructor's name][Course][Date]IntroductionAdditional protection Texans have, which is not included in the national constitution include: protection from imprisonment for debt and protection against outlawry, which involves putting a convicted person outside the protection of the law and banishment from the state. Another one is the prohibition of monopolies, which is not provided in the US constitution.In order of importance in my opinion, Section one is most important. The freedom and sovereignty of the state can never be overlooked. Section two states that all political power is vested in the people. This affirms that the people of Texas have total control over their sovereign state. Section three is third important, since; all citizens possess equal rights and are all part of the state. Section 28 on the suspension of laws is fourth important. Only the legislature, mandated by the people, can suspend laws. Section 8 on freedom of speech and press guards th e freedom of expression and opinionating. This protects against oppression. Section 19 protects against deprivation of life and liberties of citizens unless the due course of the law is adhered to. Section 22 on treason is important in underlining the graveness of the crime, which may break a state. Section 27 on the rights of assembly comes next. People should be allowed to meet and conduct their businesses but in the legal frameworks laid down. Section 17 guards the citizens by ensuring that the state compensates them incase their property is taken for public use. Such circumstances occur and it is important to compensate citizens. Section 31 is important since citizens should be compensated incase criminal activity results in damage of their property and items. This is because all citizens have a right to be protected by the state. Section 30 is 10th important. Crime victims have a right to be protected and respected until the legal proceedings to determine the conclusion of a ca se are completed.The section 18 on imprisonment for debt does not adequately explain the circumstances surrounding how the debt is acquired. I would change it to allow for imprisonment of people for debt in circumstances where the debt may have been converted in some form from funds acquired fraudulently or under special circumstances, where the person is allowed to return or pay back the debt. In section 23 on the circumstances under which a citizen is allowed to to bear arms, I would change it to only for self defense. I would leave defense of the state for the Armed Forces. This is to decrease the loopholes that would allow for use of arms outside ethical bounds and get protection from the constitution. I would change section 32 on marriage. The constitution from the onset protects the religious rights of citizens and thoroughly discourages the use of religion in policy making. Some religions allow for polygamy like Islam. There exist Texans who are Muslims. I would modify the bi ll to allow for flexibility in marriage. I would modify section 14...

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The Efficacy And Metabolic Profile Of Bipolar Disorder

A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Metabolic Profile of Lurasidone in the Treatment of Depression in Bipolar Disorder MSc in Psychiatry 2015 Dissertation by Giles Osborne BA BSc MA(Oxon) Department of Psychiatry, Cardiff Medical School, Cardiff, CF14 4XN Main Body Word Count 18,885 May 2015 DECLARATION / STATEMENTS PAGE DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed----------------------------- (G R Osborne) Date---------------------------------------- STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc (Psychiatry) Signed---------------------------- (G R†¦show more content†¦Signed--------------------------- (G R Osborne) Date----------------------------------- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Mr Jon Ford BSc MSc and Dr Chris Lee MBBS PhD for the proofreading of this paper. I would particularly like to thank Dr Chris Lee for inspiring me to undertake this MSc. Dedicated to Obi, even though he may not have the cognitive construct of self. ABBREVIATIONS ADL: Activities of Daily Living AE: Adverse Event ANCOVA: Analysis of Covariance ANOVA: Analysis of Variance BDNF: Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor BMI: Body Mass Index BPD: Bipolar Disorder CGI-BP: Clinical Global Impressions Scale CGI-BP-C: Clinical Global Impressions Scale - Bipolar-Change Scale CGI-BP-S: Clinical Global Impressions Scale - Bipolar-Severity Scale CI: Confidence Interval CVD: Cardiovascular Disease DB: Database df: Degrees of Freedom DSM IV/ 5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders versions 4 or 5 EMA: European Medicines Agency EPSE: Extrapyramidal Side Effects EU: European Union FPG: Fasting Plasma Glucose FDA: Food and Drug Administration FDC: Fixed Dose Combination GLP: Good Laboratory Practice HAM-D: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale HR: Hazard Ratio ICD 10: International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision ICH-GCP: International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practices IFG: Impaired Fasting Glucose

History of Sox - 2875 Words

History of Sarbanes Oxley and the Reasons for Enactment Virginia Knight Student ID: 6892460166 Accounting Capstone Senior Seminar in Accounting ACC 499 006016 Spring 2009 Submitted to: Professor Tee Thein June 19, 2009 Abstract: In 2002 the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed. This is a mandatory act that all organizations, large and small, must comply with. This legislation introduced major changes to the regulation of financial practice and corporate governance. There are eleven titles to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The act is named after its main architect, Representative Michael Oxley and Senator Paul Sarbanes. Former President Bush is quoted saying that it is intended to â€Å"deter and punish corporate and accounting fraud and†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The results noted a distinct difference between companies that had reached compliance with SOX and those that had not.† CHAPTER 2 Eleven Titles of SOX The objective of the eleven titles of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is to ensure that auditors remain independent; corporations and auditors are accountable to the public for the numbers they publish; an independent body governs financial reporting processes; sufficient measures are in place to deter fraudulent activity; financial activities are transparent enough to allow fraud detection to occur; and if fraud is detected, someone is held responsible. Public Company Accounting Oversights Board Section 101 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act establishes the Public Company Accounting Oversights Board (PCAOB). The Board consists of five financially-literate members that are appointed for five-year terms. Three of these members must not be a CPA currently nor have been one in the past. The other two members must be, previously or currently, a certified public accountant. The main focus of this Board is (1) to register along with discipline accounting firms that prepare audit reports on companies that are public; (2) conduct inspections and/or investigations of registered accounting firms that audit public companies; and (3) establish audit and accounting standards. Auditor Independence Sections 201, 203 and 204 outline theShow MoreRelatedSports Stars: 1919 Black Sox Scandal Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesbaseball played on the computer, baseball’s tradition is directly related to America’s history. The Black Sox Scandal was probably the most famous scandal in the history of baseball. Although betting on baseball and having â€Å"fixed† games in the regular season was â€Å"normal† in the early 20th century this was something no one had ever seen. 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Reflection Paper On Health Care Delivery - 1489 Words

Reflection Paper Introduction: Health care delivery in America has a unique approach. I worked as a Dentist in India and gradually developed an interest in Health Care Administration, which is why I have selected MHA to pursue my career as a manager or administrator in a health care setting. Eventually, I did some research on scope and importance of managers in Health Care settings. Consequently, I have found that U.S Health Care model has been followed and recognized globally. Additionally, I will learn knowledge and global exposure related to health care. Hence, I have chosen to pursue MHA in U.S by calculating benefits. This paper is about my learning experience from the course theoretically and practically throughout the semester. In the beginning of the semester, I struggled in getting accustomed to the climate, culture and educational system, as they were totally different than in India. I was hesitant to ask any doubts I had in mind. Eventually, I have developed the courage to talk, discuss and ask the things which I should know. Gradually, I have improvised my communications skills and abilities, which are main skills for any managerial position in any field. The assignments that are structured in the course made me developed the communication skills. Mainly, the interview report of personnel in a health care setting made me enlightened by letting me know the scope and nature of the job position which I might like to choose as inShow MoreRelatedThe United Kingdom s National Health Service Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesculture, decision-making processes as well as organizational learning just to mention a few. The United Kingdom’s National Health Service is an organization that primarily helps citi zens be in charge of their health care. The group started with the principles that quality healthcare should be available to all regardless of their social status, in this event, easy access to health care. 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All stakeholders were invitedRead MoreDiscrimination in Health Care1218 Words   |  5 PagesReflection and Professional Growth Journal As a resident of downtown and a registered nurse, I now feel an individual does not have to venture across the world into a war torn, displaced third world community to see human disparity as it is evident only footsteps away. To say the least, my experience at Streetworks has been absolutely incredible. It has been a great eye opening experience that I believe would be unforgettable to any individual fortunate enough to have such an opportunity. Significant

Creative writing †A New Life Free Essays

string(30) " light then went down stairs\." â€Å"So then Tom,† his mother wept, â€Å"don’t worry. I’ll see you again.† Tom was shocked, he’d never seen his mother cry before. We will write a custom essay sample on Creative writing – A New Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even when Dad left to help in the army, she had been very strong. â€Å"But-but Mum,† he bit his lip, holding back his tears, â€Å"I don’t want to go.† â€Å"I know, don’t worry,† then she started to cry more heavily while singing â€Å"We’ll meet again† to him, his favourite song. Suddenly, a whistle rang loudly through his head, so Tom reluctantly stepped on to the train, his name tag round his neck and watched while his mother grew further and further away until she was no longer visible through his tears. Tom calmed himself down and tried as hard as he could to find the positive points to this situation. Well, at least he was safe from being blown to smithereens. That was all he could think of. He wasn’t even going to start with the negative points. â€Å"Hello there, â€Å"a small boy who looked about eight had just come into the compartment, â€Å"I can’t wait, this will be great. Such a brilliant holiday, Dad said it will be fun. I don’t know why he hasn’t come with me, though.† Tom hadn’t the heart to tell him that he’d probably never see his father again. â€Å"My name’s William, what’s yours?† The little boy said. â€Å"Tom, nice to meet you William,† he felt terrible, â€Å"so, do you know where we’re going?† â€Å"No, but it will be good,† said William excitedly. The door to the compartment slid open and a girl Tom’s age came in. She was pale and looked very ill. She sat down and started mumbling to herself, tears rolling down her cheeks. â€Å"Why are you crying, â€Å"William laughed, â€Å"this is terribly exciting. Holiday!† â€Å"What on earth are you talking about,† the girl wept, â€Å"we’ll never see our parents again. This is no holiday, we’re being evacuated to the country.† â€Å"I will see my Dad again,† William argued. â€Å"No you won’t, trust me,† she was right and William was starting to realise the truth. Suddenly, his bottom lip started to shake and he burst into tears. The girl took the boy into her arms and tried to comfort him the best that she could. â€Å"My name’s Harriet,† she told Tom. â€Å"I’m Tom†¦ hi ,† he replied. There was a long awkward silence between the two of them while William started to get to grips with the situation and settle down. â€Å"That’s William,† Tom explained to Harriet â€Å"Oh, the poor little boy,† she was starting to cry again, â€Å"he’s too young for things like this to be happening to him. It’s terrible!† For the next few minutes they sat silently looking out of the window. Later, they each took a small lunch out of their bags and compared what they had. â€Å"Bread and butter with a lump of cheese,† Tom was very pleased with his lunch, â€Å"and an apple!† â€Å"I’ve got some cheese and cold sausages,† said William happily. â€Å"Oh mother!† she looked disappointed, â€Å"she knows I hate grapes. I’ll swap them for your apple Tom.† They ate happily chatting to each other about the lives they were leaving behind and dreaming about the lives they were leaving for. Some of their ideas were very far-fetched but none of them had been out of the city before and so didn’t have a clue about what would happen. Shortly after, they, one by one dozed off. â€Å"Right everyone!† the guard was walking down the train banging on the doors of all the compartments, â€Å"come on, time to get off.† Tom, Harriet and William collected their luggage and stepped off the train, staying close to each other. They were checked by a tall man and then led into a town hall. â€Å"Boys on the left, girls on the right!† a small plump lady was hurrying the children along to the front of the hall where lots of adults were waiting and taking a close look at every child, â€Å"quiet please† The lady then started to read out names and appointing children to a family. â€Å"Harriet Mendal to Mr Magda please,† and so Harriet walked head down to her new father. A few seconds later William was called out and sent to a Mrs Walner. â€Å"Tom Fritz to Mr and Mrs Grundle,† the lady read out and so Tom was handed over to a grumpy looking man and a sympathetic looking woman. They were a middle aged couple wearing farmer’s clothes that he’d seen in a newspaper once. â€Å"Hello Tom,† said Mrs Grundle smiling then turned to her husband, â€Å"well, say hello then John† â€Å"Hello boy, well let’s get on home then,† he didn’t look at all happy about taking in Tom in. â€Å"So Tom,† Mrs Grundle seemed very nice, â€Å"how old are you?† â€Å"I’m , er, thirteen,† he replied feeling very uncomfortable for the duration of the walk to his new house. It would be his new house but definitely not his home. Soon they came to a large stone house next to a field and a pig pen. â€Å"Well boy,† Mr Grundle grumbled, â€Å"get upstairs and into bed quickly.† Mr Grundle seemed to be trying to make it very obvious to Tom that he already didn’t like him. Putting this thought behind him, he followed Mrs Grundle up the stairs and into a huge room. Inside, there was a bed, a chest of drawers and a wardrobe. There was a lot of empty space that made the room feel even bigger. â€Å"Here you are Tom.† Mrs Grundle told him, â€Å"now, breakfast will be at seven o’ clock. After that, you’ll help John, Mr Grundle to you, on the farm until two o’ clock, then have lunch. Once you’ve finished your lunch you’ll help out with the pigs until six o’ clock when you can have dinner then go to bed at eight. I know it sounds hard work but I’m sure you’ll get used to it, okay?† Tom nodded, changed, then got into bed. It was warm an comfy and made him think of his mother â€Å"Goodnight Tom,† whispered Mrs Grundle as she turned off the light then went down stairs. You read "Creative writing – A New Life" in category "Papers" Tom slept very badly that night. He kept dreaming of his mother and the Germans dropping bombs on her house, leaving him here with Mr and Mrs Grundle for the rest of his life. He got up when the alarm clock on the drawers next to his bed read six forty-five. He got changed and walked down the stairs. He entered the kitchen and was blinded by a dazzling light coming through the window. It was a beautiful, sunny day. â€Å"What’s wrong boy?† Mr Grundle laughed, â€Å"never seen sunlight before?† â€Å"Never as bright as this sir,† Tom told him, â€Å"it’s dazzling.† â€Å"Been in the city too long, I reckon,† said Mr Grundle unhappily, while sitting down at the table, lighting a pipe and reading the paper. A breakfast of egg and bacon was laid out in front of him. â€Å"Good morning Tom,† greeted Mrs Grundle, â€Å"here’s your breakfast.† She placed another plate of bacon and egg before him. â€Å"Thank you ma’am,† said Tom politely. â€Å"Oh nonsense!† giggled Mrs Grundle, â€Å"please call me Joan!† Tom put a bit of bacon in his mouth and chewed. It was absolutely delicious. It was bursting with flavour and fit for a king. He savoured every mouthful. Then he turned his attention to the egg. He cut it like a surgeon, hoping it would be as good as the bacon. It most definitely did. The yolk melted in his mouth, it was delicious. As quickly as the pleasure had started, it stopped and Tom was sad to see an empty plate. â€Å"Right lad,† boomed Mr Grundle, † let’s see if you can deal with a good day’s work, eh. You’ll be begging to stop before the first hour’s up no doubt.† â€Å"I’ll try my best sir, really I will,† Tom still couldn’t understand why Mr Grundle didn’t like him. They walked outside and opened the door to a large shed. Tom was amazed at how many tools and potentially dangerous things there were in there. He was passed a sythe then taken into the field and shown briefly how to use it properly. â€Å"Now,† said Mr Grundle, â€Å"seeing as it’s harvest time, I don’t want you mucking this up. I want you cut this wheat from the bottom along these two rows, tie it up into bundles with that string next to the tractor then load it onto the wagon. Got that?† â€Å"Yes sir,† Tom wasn’t looking forward to this. For the next three hours Tom cut the wheat, tied it up and loaded it all onto the wagon. He was sweating like the pigs when Mr Grundle decided he could do another row of wheat. â€Å"Get your back into it boy!† shouted Mr Grundle at regular intervals. Finally, Tom finished and watched as Mr Grundle struggled with his tractor. He wanted to get the wheat down to his friends farm. â€Å"Damn thing won’t start,† he wasn’t pleased, â€Å"come on Rusty. Oh I’ll have lunch first.† They went inside and sat down at the kitchen table. Mrs Grundle laid a plate of sausage and egg in front of him. Tom ate it slowly. â€Å"See those eggs lad?† growled Mr Grundle, â€Å"come from the finest chickens, they do.† â€Å"Eggs don’t come from chickens, do they?† asked Tom cautiously looking at the eggs disgustingly. â€Å"Of course they do,† laughed Mr Grundle, â€Å"where do you think they come from? Weren’t you taught that in the city?† Tom pushed away his plate as though he was scared of the eggs. â€Å"What’s wrong boy?† Mr Grundle shouted at Tom, â€Å"won’t eat? Well, I’ll do something about that.† â€Å"Now John, don’t do anything-† Mrs Grundle tried to reason with him. â€Å"You stay out of this woman!† Mr Grundle exploded. He dragged Tom up to his room in a fit of rage and threw him on the floor. He picked Tom up again and hit him hard. Tom screamed. He was hit again, and again, and again until he was bruised all over. â€Å"We provide hospitality,† spat Mr Grundle, â€Å"and you throw it back in our face. You should try to be a bit more grateful!† Mr Grundle hit Tom one more time, then dragged him outside to the pig sty. â€Å"Feed the bloody pigs, then wait out here until dinner and you will eat it! Got that boy!?!† Tom fed the pigs then waited. He stared at Mr Grundles broken down tractor and an idea arose in his head. Tom remembered that before his father had went to help with the war he had taught Tom how to fix a broken down car. Would a tractor be the same? Maybe if he fixed the tractor, Mr Grundle would like him. Tom would need tools. His dad had loads because he was a mechanic. â€Å"Get in here boy!† shouted Mr Grundle from the back door. Tom ate slowly then went to bed early to avoid Mr Grundle and another one of his beatings. Over the next few days Tom tried as hard as he could to stay out of Mr Grunde’s way for as long as possible. Every week Tom was shown a new tool from the shed and he took a mental note of what else was in there and whether he would need it for the tractor. One night, when Mr Grundle was in the house talking to Mrs Grundle, Tom had a look under the bonnet of the tractor. There was hardly anything wrong with it, this would be an easy job. He would only need a few tools. â€Å"Boy,† Mr Grundle called him inside surprisingly quietly, â€Å"get in here. Something’s happened.† â€Å"What is it sir?† asked Tom anxiously. â€Å"It’s your parents Tom, â€Å"whispered Mrs Grundle, â€Å"Our father has been killed and your mothers house†¦bombed. A direct hit. I’m so sorry Tom.† Tom was speechless. He felt as though he had hit in the stomach by Mr Grundle all over again. He walked outside almost in a trance, and was violently sick in the pig pen. When he felt better, he lay on the ground looking up at the night sky. Tom didn’t cry, he couldn’t cry, not yet. He had just dried up and shrivelled away from the real world and he didn’t feel as though he would ever return. Mrs Grundle opened the back door slowly and crept out to Tom, leaving her husband looking uncomfortably out of the window. â€Å"Come on Tom,† she said softly, â€Å"let’s get you to bed.† Tom didn’t know what he was doing, he just followed silently. Tom didn’t leave hi room for the next two days. All of his meals were brought up to him by Mrs Grundle. Tom could finally cry, and did so , heavily. The next day, Tom awoke and felt that it was now time to take a step out of his room, go downstairs and out the door to work. He worked tirelessly without breakfast. When he was directed by Mr Grundle to collect a large bag of seeds, he slipped under his shirt a spanner, a screwdriver and a ranch. He sneaked them up to his room at lunch. â€Å"What are you doing up there boy?† shouted Mr Grundle impatiently, â€Å"come on, let’s get back to work. â€Å"Coming,† Tom replied and ran downstairs. Tonight was the night, he would fix that tractor. He did his work hurriedly until another dinner of eggs, that he was now getting used to, then went to bed. Tom somehow kept himself awake until e was sure that Mr and Mrs Grundle were in bed. He crept outside in the dark and fixed the tractor as quickly as he could. He ran inside feeling very pleased with when he was greeted by a very red Mr Grundle. â€Å"Good evening boy,† he said as calmly as he could, â€Å"what are you doing outside at this time of night?† Tom stayed silent. â€Å"Well boy?. Answer me!† Mr Grundle spat. â€Å"I was fixing your tractor sir,† Tom turned white as he watched Mr Grundle’s face burst into a nasty laugh. â€Å"Oh, is that right? Well, let’s have a look at your handy work then shall we? â€Å"Mr Grundle dragged Tom outside into the cold night. He was placed on top of a haystack next to the tractor. Tom watched Mr Grundle get in the drivers seat and turn the key. Mr Grundle’s face fell when he heard a loud roar and his tractor started. He was absolutely gobsmacked. He got down off the tractor and let his hand fall on Tom’s shoulder. â€Å"You’re a genius lad,† Mr Grundle’s face broke into a smile, â€Å"oh lad. Thank you so, so much. Come on, let’s get inside and back to bed.† The next day, Tom woke up, got change and bounced down the stairs with a large spring in his step. â€Å"Tom,† Mrs Grundle said carefully, â€Å"now, because of your parents, er, well, we’ve been asked to take care of you, would that be okay with you? We would be happy to take you in.† â€Å"Of course Joan,† Tom was actually pleased to be asked to stay. â€Å"You realise that you will have to stay for a long time, don’t you?† asked Mr Grundle, â€Å"as I get older, I’ll need more help on the farm, is that clear, Tom?† â€Å"That would be great,† Tom knew he would be fine, Mr Grundle had just called him by his real name. How to cite Creative writing – A New Life, Papers

Chemistry Open Book Paper Essay Example For Students

Chemistry Open Book Paper Essay Atomic spectroscopy is a chemical analysis technique and it is used to identify what elements are in a compound. It uses the idea of a photon being absorbed or emitted whenever an electron changes from one energy level to another. The diagram below shows sodium salt being sprinkled onto a flame and yellow light being emitted. Emission spectra are produced by thin gases in which the atoms do not experience many collisions (because of the low density). The emission of yellow light occurs because the electrons of the sodium salt have been promoted to a higher electronic energy state but have then fallen back down and emitted the energy as an electromagnetic wave, in the wavelength corresponding to yellow which is ? 600 nm. The more intense that the yellow band is the more abundant the sodium salt present. We will write a custom essay on Chemistry Open Book Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The diagram (left) shows an atomic excitationcaused by the absorption of a photon and an atomicde-excitation caused by emission of a photon. In each case the wavelength of the emitted or absorbedlight is exactly such that the photon carries the energydifference between the two orbits. This energy may becalculated by multiplying the Plank constant by thewavelength of the light. Thus, an atom can absorbor emit only certain discrete wavelengths(or equivalently, frequencies or energies). This diagram shows white light being shone through sodium vapour and the resulting spectra on a board. An absorption spectrum occurs when light passes through a cold, dilute gas and atoms in the gas absorb at characteristic frequencies; since the re-emitted light is unlikely to be emitted in the same direction as the absorbed photon, this gives rise to dark lines (absence of light) in the spectrum. Absorption spectroscopy can only be carried on a substance in solution or gaseous form. The presence of the dark band shows that the sodium vapour had absorbed the light in the yellow region. Sodium salt has absorbed energy but it is not re-emitted or just not re-emitted efficiently and so the wavelength of the light increases, leaving the observed dark band where yellow was expected. The Sun appears yellow because that is the main wavelength the sun emits radiation at. This is shown in a graphically below. For each hot object there is a corresponding colours. Those stars with colours of lower wavelengths are lower in temperatures. For example something that appears red has a temperature of ? 3000 K. But something blue has a temperature of ? 10000 K. So finding the predominant colour of the sun then its temperature could be determined. The Suns spectrum resembles that of something around 5000 K. By studying the emission spectra captured on the photographic film for dark bands , the composition can be found. Because interstellar clouds have a temperature of between 10-50 K, radiation emitted has much shorter wavelengths, so different techniques to the ones above have to be used. The wavelengths are in fact in the order of 0.001 m so the can be picked up by radio telescopes on earth. Here is a picture of one below. A neutral hydrogen atom (H I) consists of 1 proton and 1 electron. The proton and electron spin like tops with their spin axes either parallel or anti-parallel. When hydrogen atoms switch from the parallel to the anti-parallel configuration they emit radio waves with a wavelength of 21 centimetres and a corresponding frequency of exactly 1420 MHz. This is called the 21-centimetre line. Thus, radio telescopes tuned to this frequency can be used to map the great clouds of neutral hydrogen found in interstellar space. Radio telescopes identify which elements are present and how abundant they are and then the conditions are replicated here on earth. But this requires keeping the elements in gaseous form at low temperatures (as low as 7 K) without condensing. This requires using CRESU apparatus .It takes advantage of the flow properties of gaseous expansions from convergent-divergent Laval nozzles into low-pressure environments, producing a flow of gas, which is uniform in temperature, density and velocity, and carries on for hundreds of millimetres and hundreds of microseconds after leaving the nozzle exit. Frequent collisions occur during the controlled expansion within the nozzle .The expansion is slow enough to maintain thermal equilibrium, but rapid enough that condensation is avoided. A uniform, collimated flow results at the exit of the nozzle. This uniform supersonic flow provides a good environment in which to perform experiments on collisional processes at extremely low temperatures. .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .postImageUrl , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:hover , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:visited , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:active { border:0!important; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:active , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: social responsibility of business EssayThe said gas is made up of three components: the source of the radicals (which are to be broken up by a generating laser), a molecule to react with the radicals and a chemically inert gas to carry the other two gases. Removal of the radicals is followed by another laser which exites the radical and fluorescence can be observed .The rate constant can be determined by increasing the time delay between the generating laser and the detecting laser because the fluorescence will fall as the radical is being removed due to reaction. AbstractA photon is absorbed when an electron is raised to a higher energy level and emitted when falling to a lower level. Each element has discreet energy levels, which can be identified by looking at absorption and emission spectra so the composition of anything which emits radiation can be found. AcknowledgementsThe sources of additional information used were:Salters Advanced Chemistry Chemical Ideas. Internet resource pages / www.sp.uconn.eduwww.gly.ac.ukwww.csep10.phys.utk.eduEncarta 2000

The Great Wall of America

Discussion The present population of United States is around 300 million and among them, about 12 million people are unlawful immigrants from mostly the neighboring countries, Mexico and Canada. This signifies that one in 25 inhabitants is an unlawful foreigner.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Great Wall of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The idea of the Great Wall of America appears perfect and actually appears excellent for the citizens of United States. With the purpose of preventing any kind of border confrontations with illegal immigrants, the government should endorse significant implementations like the Great Wall of America just like what China did. America has been greatly affected by immigrants and has been radically shaped by every new group entering through its borders. However, this issue has been loose for years and some measures should be taken to create things reasonable and well-organized for all Americans. Currently, taxpayers are facing huge challenges while paying large sum of money each year to offer social services and medical care for these illegal immigrants. American borders have evident weaknesses and these have supported some drug traffickers and possible terrorists into United States. The idea of Great Wall of America is designed to reduce these problems which Americans are facing presently. Most immigrants are easily hired due to their cheap wages and Americans remain cursing themselves. They have started staying in horror of exposure and are highly experiencing exploitation from these illegal workers (Shilpi). If the Great Wall of America is constructed, it will be of great advantage to the people of America. The major benefits will be increase in employment opportunities and the American labor workers would get better chance to be hired. Every person attempting to pass through the Great Wall of America would have to pass through careful s creening for nationality. President Obama said â€Å"The plan will immediately hire 20,000 citizens and provide them with basic wall building classes before the great wall begins. The 80,000 other jobs will be gradually added on as the projects proceed, and will include snipers, hunters, and an assortment of criminals to prevent even a single illegal from crossing our welcoming and democratic border† (Kaplan). Implementing the Great Wall of America cannot worsen the association between United States and Mexico since it seems that Mexico is not bothered about the relationship between both countries. This was seen when Mexico police officers pointed their armed guns to the FBI representatives when they were trying to investigate a deadly shooting in the America-Mexico border.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Constructing this wall would not upset Mexicans since t hey already have the hatred towards United States due to the latest deaths of Mexicans in the border. Therefore, the solution to end all these disagreements and hatred in the border is to construct the Great Wall of America immediately. Since 1997, illegal immigrants have increased greatly and this shows that by 2025 the number of illegal immigrants would be around 40 million. Immigrants are more and more ready to use this opportunity to enter America and obtain secret and illegal jobs. Most illegal immigrants are from Mexico where their economy is struggling to contain huge population. At present, these illegal immigrants are sending back to Mexico around 20 billion dollars. These billions of dollars create it the second biggest source of income to Mexicans and it made Mexican government loosens their work in restricting Mexicans from entering America. Lately, they announced some safe routes and pointing out possible danger regions near the border. Most illegal immigrants from Mexi co have been getting jobs easily since they are paid less than the minimum wage and they are also willing to work below legal conditions. The Great Wall of America may not be 100% effective from preventing people from entering United States, but illegal immigrants would have troubles going back to their country through the borders and this will actually disheartens them from crossing over to America. Most illegal employees do not wish to remain in America for a long time and their common strategy is to enter America and obtain jobs and later transfer their income to Mexico to help their families. But the construction of the Great Wall of America would make their strategies very complex and they will cancel their plans of doing cyclic movements between Mexico and Unites States. New Mexico and Texas Governors should execute the policies and laws which control illegal immigrants in their areas; this may partly or fully solve this issue of immigrants. Therefore, this will creates more j ob opportunities in United States and provision of security for the country also. Through the construction of this wall, it will improve security in America. United States’ taxpayers should be advocating and calling for immediate construction of the Great Wall of America and jobless, but skilled, Americans should joint hands with American engineers in providing effective and quality wall than the Great Wall of China.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Great Wall of America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Great Wall of America should be constructed and should be a real wall which all people in the world have never predicted and this would be implement by the people of America themselves. Americans should finish the conflicts with other countries like Mexico which are taking advantage of American resources and opportunities and pointing their guns on American security officers. Texas, Califor nia, New Mexico, and Arizona governments should be supporters for the construction of the Great Wall of America due to direct transactions which are provided to profit these states. There will be direct economic strengthening with actual employment opportunities which will be permanent. Since there are vulnerable to any thing happening in the borders, construction of this wall will help in reducing border conflicts with illegal immigrants. The great wall of America would send an indication to the Mexican people and government that they need Americans more than Americans need them. Conclusion The construction of the Great Wall of America appears harsh, but it is the only effective strategy to solve the issue of illegal immigrants. China implemented its own Great Wall of China and even some countries have strict policies than the United States have. Some countries arrest illegal immigrants and jail them for about three years and later deport them back to their countries. After they fi nished building the Great Wall of China, it offered safety to better control of China’s economy and protected their cultural growth. It as well offered protection for their trade progresses. United States should also follow this advancement to protect its own trade and other major source of income to the citizens and the country itself. Construction of the Great Wall of America between America and Mexico would be more important in safeguarding its economic developments and therefore be implemented immediately. Works Cited Kaplan, Jake. â€Å"Obama Suggests Building ‘Great Wall of Mexico’ to Create Jobs,† 15 January 2012. Web. Shilpi, Paul. â€Å"The Great Wall of America,† 4 Sept. 2006. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on The Great Wall of America was written and submitted by user Kyra Waller to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample Why Our School Essay - How to Write a Sample Why Our School Essay?

Sample Why Our School Essay - How to Write a Sample Why Our School Essay?If you are interested in knowing how to write a sample why our school essay, I will give you some tips on how to do so. My first tip would be that as a student, you should put yourself in the shoes of a medical student.It is really important that you take into consideration that the students' mind is set on medical sciences and this may be so from the very start of their schooling. One example is that they may be called upon to perform a certain procedure and it may appear to be that they have no choice but to do so, even if the procedure is not desirable. On the other hand, if a student wishes to write a sample why our school essay, he or she should be thinking logically, and not on their own fancy or emotions.When you are writing a sample why our school essay, you should not rely on your own emotional feelings. Your logical mind should guide you in order to write a logical piece. This means that you will want to avoid speculating what the student would think if he were given the opportunity to write a sample why our school essay.After all, if you make a few mistakes in grammar, it could potentially error on the student's part, which is why it is essential that you carefully check the piece over again until you have corrected all the errors. This is because mistakes in grammar could actually make a difference on whether or not the student is accepted into medical school or not.I would also like to mention that the critical issue for a student to think about is whether or not the essay is relevant to his or her school. The more relevant it is, the more likely you are to be accepted into the medical school that you desire to attend. As an example, if the student wrote his or her essay in support of his or her religion, it may seem reasonable that they would be accepted into the same institution that requires him or her to say something he or she does not believe in.On the other hand, if the student decided to express his or her opinion on religion, he or she may be able to write personal statements about his or her faith at a different institution. There are many cases where a student may write about his or her religion in order to be accepted into a certain institution. It is therefore important that the student consider this as well, and try to represent the major points that he or she believes in the essay.Finally, it is always good to consider all the pros and cons, when writing a sample why our school essay. Sometimes, a student may not be sure about a particular question or issue, but on the other hand, it is not always possible to address a problem, if it is a serious one. Hence, it is always important to think this through before writing anything down.

Start up business in Saudi Arabia challenges of finding finance

Start up business in Saudi Arabia challenges of finding finance Background overview Entrepreneurs share similar problems in terms of access to sufficient capital to start their business, ability to attract customers, developing a sufficient cash flow to sustain their venture and a variety of other issues that are involved in the process of developing a business (Zahra Wright 2011, pp. 67-83).Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Start up business in Saudi Arabia: challenges of finding finance. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this section the various methods of capital access available to entrepreneurs within Saudi Arabia, and the difficulties that are associated with the process of obtaining sufficient funds to start a profitable business venture will be analyzed. Considering the fact that it is one of the wealthiest nations in the world, and part of the G20 group of states, the low rate of growth for its entrepreneurial sector engenders a number of questions that necessit ates further research and analysis. It is expected that this section will act as the basis behind an assessment that would create effective suggestions as to how entrepreneurs within the country can best respond to various financial opportunities and challenges. Saudi Arabian Economy and SME SMEs in Saudi Arabia A majority of the start up businesses in Saudi Arabia are in form of SMEs. Within the study Leading the way (2005, pp. 78-79), it was explained that in most market economies, small to medium scale enterprises (SMEs) make up the bulk of a countrys enterprises. This constitutes 80 to 90 percent of local businesses (Leading the way 2005, pp. 78-79). Such an orientation can also be seen in the case of Saudi Arabia, wherein SMEs make up 92 percent of local businesses within the country, and employ up to 80 percent of the workforce (Leading the way 2005, pp. 78-79). H.M. King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud himself has been quoted as stating that entrepreneurs are the backbone of the Saudi Arabian economy and are instrumental towards its continued growth and prosperity (Kayed Hassan 2010, pp. 379-413). (Kayed Hassan 2010, pp. 379-413)Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It must be noted that despite the fact that SMEs constitute 92 percent of local businesses, they are still overshadowed by the countrys oil and natural gas industry which accounts for 90 percent of export earnings, 45 percent of the GDP and 80 percent of the governments budget revenues (Kayed Hassan 2010, pp. 379-413). This is in sharp contrast to the situation found in countries such as the U.S., U.K., China and other industrialized countries where local SMEs makeup more than 70 percent of GDP, 60 to 70 percent of local government revenue and 75 percent of export earnings (Kayed Hassan 2010, pp. 379-413). While Saudi Arabias status as an oil exporter does entail a d ecidedly different economic structure, it must be noted that given the non-renewable state of its oil reserves, it is absolutely necessary to implement some measure of encouraging the development of start up businesses in order to have a strong local economy in place that is not dependent on resource that will inevitably dry up (Lindsey 2011, pp. 1). Entrepreneurial Growth Rate (Saudi Arabia 2012, pp. 1-18) (Outlook for 2011-15: Economic policy outlook 2010, pp. 7-9) Unfortunately, an examination of the development of local industries within the country reveals that entrepreneurial growth has remained low at 3.3 to 3.5 percent annually, with the much lauded Saudi Fast Growth 100 group (a listing of the top 100 locally owned corporations that were started by entrepreneurs) gaining a combined annual revenue of $2.4 billion equivalent to $9 billion Saudi Riyals) with 90 percent of their revenue originating from within Saudi Arabia itself (Outlook for 2011-15: Economic policy outlook 2 010, pp. 7-9). While $2.4 billion may seem like a significant sum for the accumulated revenue of the top 100 companies within Saudi Arabia, this pales in comparison to the hundreds of billions accumulated by the top 100 companies started by entrepreneurs in countries such as the U.S., U.K, and China. Even a developing country such as the Philippines has a local SME industry where the top 100 companies started by entrepreneurs reach revenues of $10 billion or more.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Start up business in Saudi Arabia: challenges of finding finance. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fact that the revenue of these companies mostly originate from within the Saudi Arabian economy itself rather than through international exports shows how relatively young the companies started by local entrepreneurs are within country considering the fact that focusing on local instead of external markets is one of the first stages of entrepreneurial activity. Such factors can be considered indicative of a major problem existing within the Saudi Arabian entrepreneurial landscape which can be connected to the lack of sufficient access to funding for local entrepreneurs in order to sufficiently grow their businesses to a level that can be considered internationally competitive. Saudi Arabia’s economy According to Economic Structure and Context (2012, pp. 16-17), Saudi Arabia’s economy is heavily dependent on its oil reserves. This is because oil is the major export commodity in this economy. Additionally, the oil industry provides employment to a majority of the citizens. This implies that this economy is susceptible to the volatile oil prices in the world market, and any changes in the production of oil by the oil industry. To address this vulnerability, the government has acquired a number of foreign assets which help in cushioning the economy against changes in the oil prices, w hich affect the economy adversely. For this reason, the economy is able to withstand shocks in the oil world market provided that it is not for an extended period (Chapter 2: Economic Outlook 2011, pp. 15-23). It must be pointed that the government continues to be the major player in the economy. This implies that the economy is not fully liberalised. However, the government is at the forefront in encouraging entrepreneurship with a view to increasing employment opportunities for the youth, who form the bulk of the kingdom’s population. This increased employment level, as a result of increase in private investment, will have the effect of enhancing the standard of living in the kingdom (Economic Structure and Context 2012, pp. 16-17). Government’s involvement in the economy has helped in improving the standards of living for the Saudi nationals (Jacknis 2011, pp. 107-116). However, this involvement has repercussions that include: distortion of the market, subdued produ ctivity, and discourage competition.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It can be said that the government’s dominance in the economy has lowered the efficiency of the economy. Nonetheless, the government has been working towards liberalization of the economy and complying with international treaties, with a view to improving the economy. The Saudi government has also embarked on the privatisation of the some sectors of the economy including: telecommunication, water and aviation. The major objective of this privatization has been to attract foreign investment in the economy. This will serve as the much needed boost to propel the economy to a higher growth trajectory. Moreover, the government has also increased public expenditure as a stimulus for economic growth. This increased public expenditure has been instrumental in facilitating the growth of Saudi economic cities that has acted as an incentive for the entrepreneurs (Economic Structure and Context 2012, pp. 16-17). Literature Review This section explores various aspects related to the finan cing of entrepreneurial ventures within Saudi Arabia, the way in which financial institutions and loan processes operate, as well as the current state of key funding sources in relation to their counterparts in other countries. It is expected that through an examination of such aspects of the Saudi Arabian entrepreneurial and financing sectors of the economy, a greater degree of understanding regarding the current state of venture financing and the processes involved in it will be developed. The Financing of Business Ventures within Saudi Arabia One of the oddest discrepancies that has come up during the research process is that despite the fact that Saudi Arabia is widely recognized as a leader in promoting and supporting entrepreneurial activities, it actually has a financial sector that is not as conducive towards small to medium business loans as one might expect (Ahmad 2011, pp. 610-614). It is usually the case that if a country is known for supporting entrepreneurial activity, this would in turn result in a commensurate effect on its local banking sector wherein loans for small to medium scale enterprises and ventures would be more readily given. However, this is not the case and in fact it is actually more difficult to obtain these types of loans within Saudi Arabia as compared to other countries within the same region (i.e. the U.A.E, Egypt, Jordan, Israel etc.) as well as in countries such as China, the U.K. and the U.S (Ahmad 2011, pp. 610-614). In order to address this rather odd disparity, an examination was conducted as to how small and medium scale enterprises were normally funded and how did this type of funding differ from what can be seen in other countries. It was seen that in the case of Saudi Arabia, the family played a crucial role in the funding and development of start up business ventures wherein more than 75% of local businesses started by entrepreneurs were a result of family members contributing towards the initial starting capital o f the entrepreneur and actively gave advice regarding the proper management of the business (Constraints on Development: Small Businesses in Saudi Arabia 1992, pp. 333-351). In fact, it was noted by researchers in the report Constraints on Development: Small Businesses in Saudi Arabia (1992, pp. 333-341) that it is the strong interfamily ties within the countrys culture that limits the export market of Saudi Arabia due to the development of a business culture, wherein it has become preferable to deal with family members or friends of the family when it comes to joint business ventures and business opportunities, which in effect severely curtails the ability of a business to expand beyond its current market due to the inherent hesitance in dealing with the unfamiliar (Constraints on Development: Small Businesses in Saudi Arabia 1992, pp. 333-351). Going back to the issue of family and its connection to the financing of small to medium scale enterprises, what must be understood is tha t the proliferation of family as one of the primary methods of financing entrepreneurial business ventures has actually resulted in the local banking sector developing in such a way that they cater more towards large scale enterprises or higher tier medium scale businesses as compared to small or lower tier medium scale companies (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). The problem with this is that this in effect isolates a large percentage of the local population who do not have access to considerable family funds to start their business. Such a situation is in stark contrast to the way in which the banking sector in other countries such as China, the U.S., the U.K. and even in certain sectors in the Middle East work, since it is often seen that investing in entrepreneurs creates numerous beneficial actions (i.e. better local economy, greater amount of deposits, helping out what could potentially develop into a larger enterprise etc.) which banks generally think of as sa fe bets when it comes to loans, especially when it comes to the attitude of entrepreneurs to pay back what they owe on even if a particular business did not turn out as successful as expected (S.T. 2000, pp. 42) (Mahdi1998, pp. 1970-1971). It is often the case that such individuals within Saudi Arabia have to rely on their own personal savings as their primary method of creating start-up capital, which is an incredibly laborious and time consuming process, which would of course slow down the process of entrepreneurial activity within any country that utilizes such a system (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). Evidence of this can be seen in Saudi Arabias 3.3 to 3.5 percent annual entrepreneurial growths, which shows the negative impact that the current loan system has on creating better entrepreneurial activities within the country (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). The inherent weakness of the family fund system currently utilized by a vast majority of entrepreneurs is that when it comes to expanding the business beyond its current form and structure, this is when family members at times balk and refuse to or are unable to provide the necessary funds for the development of the business beyond its current form (Siddiqi 2008, pp. 44). The reason behind this is a plethora of issues ranging from the belief that after a business has been established, an individual should be responsible for its own expansion or that expansion itself is potentially risky without sufficient added benefits (Siddiqi 2008, pp. 44). As a result, this curtails the potential for various entrepreneurial ventures to expand to foreign locations and this is evidenced by the fact that nearly 90% of all local entrepreneurial revenue is derived from within the Saudi economy alone instead of through outside ventures (Siddiqi 2008, pp. 44). It must also be noted that another problem with the family based method of funding is that it actively promotes insufficient marke t examinations and a more lax behaviour when it comes to developing processes that are more efficient and less costly (Robson, 2005pp. 40-42). Based on the study by Constraints on Development: Small Businesses in Saudi Arabia (1992, pp. 340), it was noted that family based methods of funding were considered a relatively safe and easy method of funding for a business, which did not have the same stringent procedures and viability checks that are necessary when it comes to a bank loan (Footwear Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia 2012, pp. 1-29). As such, entrepreneurs under this particular system are less likely to favor processes that maximized the usage of capital and utilized more efficient methods of operations due to the rather easy way in which funds could be obtained to run a business (Constraints on Development: Small Businesses in Saudi Arabia 1992, pp. 333-351). This, Baqadir, Patrick, Burns (2011, pp. 551-559) remark, is one of the main reasons why plenty of businesses fail wi thin the first year of operation in Saudi Arabia, since it is usually the stringent process of loan evaluation seen in most banks that encourages entrepreneurs to think ‘outside the box’, resulting in financial success and ingenuity (Baqadir, Patrick, Burns 2011, pp. 551-561). Though not particularly as relevant, it must be noted that there is also another socially based reason as to why certain entrepreneurs are experiencing a higher degree of difficulty when it comes to finding sufficient capital: declining rates of marriage (Pope 2002, pp. 2). With the development of new internal policies within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia comes an era where women have started to become more empowered. This is evidenced by the fact that nearly 54% of all university graduates within Saudi Arabia are women and that a growing percentage of them have started to focus on their own careers and the development of the family business rather than enter into a prospective marriage (Pope 2002, pp. 2). As a result, with declining marriage rates comes a distinct decline in access to sufficient capital by bachelors since it is the intermarriage between families that often times enhances the ability of an entrepreneur to access sufficient capital to establish his own business. Public Aid Programs Aside from the aforementioned traditional methods of funding that exist within the context of the Saudi Arabian culture, there also exist other methods of funding that are more in line with what is normally seen in other countries. The first of these methods of funding is the KAFALAH fund which is a $200 million fund that acts as a protection net against loan defaults meant to encourage local banks to lend to entrepreneurs (Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011, pp. 1-68). The reason why KAFALA fund was created in the first place was due to the fact that between 2001 to 2009 local banks experienced increasing levels of loan defaulters (Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011 , pp. 1-68). One of the main reasons behind this was simply the fact that entrepreneurs at the time lacked the necessary skills and capabilities to properly market their products, develop their businesses and enhance operations which inevitably resulted in the collapse of their ventures (Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011, pp. 1-68). This was an endemic problem during that time until it was addressed by H.M. King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud in the form of the king Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), the King Saud University (KSU) and various other educational institutions that focused on the creation, support and development of entrepreneurs within Saudi Arabia. It was through such programs that, in the words of H.M. King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, a new type of entrepreneur entered into the Saudi Arabian market economy Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011, pp. 1-68). Such individuals were better informed, better prepared and more likely to create fewer mistakes as compared to their predecessors. Unfortunately, various Islamic banks were still reeling from the amount of loan defaults hence the necessity of creating stimulus funds in order to encourage lending (Apparel Retail Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia 2012, pp.1-25). Despite this, it was noted by various Saudi entrepreneurs that such activities were still insufficient, many of whom were of the opinion that it should be the government itself that should facilitate access to funds for entrepreneurs rather than having to go through the laborious and often times unfruitful process of filing for a bank loan (Dairy Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia 2012, pp. 1-32). One manifestation of such a necessity came in the form of the government sponsored AlAhli Small Business Program which is a type of loan/training program enabling entrepreneurs to gain access to a variety of funding sources that are in cooperation with the National Commercial Bank while at the same time provides training courses and various types of support systems so as to enable these potential entrepreneurs to develop the necessary skills, mindsets and abilities to effectively run their fledgling businesses (Country Update 2012, pp. 1-5). Other sources of funds also exist, which are there to address the problem of developing a funding program for young Saudi men and women that are underprivileged yet still would like to be entrepreneurs. For this particular scenario, the centennial fund exists which provides 50,000 200,000 SAR in funds for particular business ventures which is payable within 5 years. Similar to the AlAhli Small Business Program, the Centennial fund also provides training and development services but it also provides a mentoring program wherein experienced entrepreneurs help in guiding people who make use of the fund, through a 3 year mentoring program designed to increase the success of their business. Other more gender specific funds come in the form of the Prince Sul tan bin Abdulaziz fund for nurturing women entrepreneurs (Country Update 2012, pp. 1-5). As its name implies, this fund focuses specifically on providing women entrepreneurs with the necessary funds and training to undertake a variety of entrepreneurial ventures. Banking There are several banking institutions within Saudi Arabia that do in fact provide small business loans to start up business such as Al Rajhi Banking Investment Corp., the Riyadh Bank, the National Commercial Bank etc (Economic Growth: Outlook 2012, pp. 4-6). It must be noted though that due to the high degree of loan default experienced by these banks from 2001 to 2009 the loan process often involves considerable amounts of paperwork and at times recommendations from well established businessmen in order to gain approval for particular loans (Economic Growth: Outlook 2012, pp. 4-6). This in effect shuts out various entrepreneurs who do not have the same amount of clout or the connections necessary to show that the y can be trusted to pay back the loan. Additionally, the entrepreneurs have to go through other hurdles in form of government sponsored programs, which act as intermediaries between the bank and the entrepreneur and acts as a safety net in case of loan default. While this section has shown that there exists, quite literally, a plethora of funding and training opportunities for local entrepreneurs to start their own business ventures, what it does not show is that most of the funding and training opportunities are oriented towards the development of localized business opportunities and neglect to encompass a wider range of potential ventures through international markets. The study of Mortland (2009, p 19) which examined the funding and training opportunities that are currently in place within Saudi Arabia reveals that most of the revenue derived from entrepreneurial activity within the country is primarily as a result of derived income from local markets (Mortland 2009, p. 19). Ther e are relatively few cases of entrepreneurs which focus on international trade with one of the reasons being that despite the presence of funding programs with associated training schemes, these programs actually encourage and focus on developing entrepreneurs to focus on developing local market (Mortland 2009, p. 19). They propagate the notion that international business ventures are somewhat risky. This engenders a business culture that is more internally focused rather than externally adaptive. In cases where an entrepreneur is actively seeking funds to expand their business venture with a view to engaging in international trade, their loan requests are often turned down. Banks tend to agree to loans of this nature when requested by large firms or conglomerations. This in effect shuts out small entrepreneurs from international trade which is an important aspect of developing a local business. Venture Capitalists within Saudi Arabia Another of the problems faced by entrepreneurs w ithin Saudi Arabia is the distinct lack of venture capitalists within the country. An examination of data obtained from 2010 reveals that Saudi Arabia has the lowest ranking of any G20 country in terms of venture capital funding with only $5 million being invested by venture capitalists in local businesses at the time. Studies such as those in the Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia (2011, pp. 1 68 ) reveal that venture capital funding is an important facilitator of entrepreneurial activity since it acts as a method of funding outside of the regular methods facilitated through bank loans (Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011, pp. 1-68). With entrepreneurs and the venture capitalists sharing the risks that come with developing a particular business venture this actually results in the sharing of ideas, better internal management of operations and funds and the creation of new lines of business which helps to considerably expand the venture beyond what the entrepreneur would have been capable of doing alone. As seen in the case of the U.S. and U.K., venture capital investments have helped to create a solid foundation for the development of numerous businesses which has actually encouraged entrepreneurial activity due to the potential that venture capitalists may choose to invest with a particular venture thus enabling it to expand based on the plans of the entrepreneur. The lack of venture capital funding in the case of Saudi Arabia helps to explain the relatively low growth seen in the development of new entrepreneurial ventures; since an external source of capital without the accompanying financial indebtedness associated with a bank loans would have definitely encouraged the development of a sufficiently strong entrepreneurial sector within the country (Country analysis report: Saudi Arabia 2011, pp. 1-68). One way of explaining the lack of venture capital funding can be seen in Chapter 4: Business Environment (2012, pp. 27-33) of Saudi Arabiaâ€℠¢s business forecast report which explored various aspects of financing within Saudi Arabia. Chapter 4: Business Environment (2012, pp. 27-33) shows that the concept of venture capital funding is relatively new within Saudi Arabia since it is a development that has only occurred within the past few decades within various other countries (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). Since Saudi Arabia has developed in an entirely different way as compared to other countries such as the U.S. due its emphasis on Shariah law in its banking and finance sector this would of course result in the creation of distinctly different financial instruments for funding business ventures within the country (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). This is especially true when taking into consideration the fact that â€Å"family funds† are still one of the primary methods of funding a business within the country and external methods of funding not associated with either the stat e or a bank are still viewed with a certain degree of distrust by the local business culture. Aside from that, most entrepreneurs within Saudi Arabia have no idea what a venture capital fund is or how it even operates, thus its level of acceptability and implementation within the context of the local economy is also rather low (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). Furthermore, since the venture capital sector of the Saudi Arabian economy is still within its relative infancy this means that the road shows, presentations, exhibits and forums normally associated with venture capital firms as seen in the context of the U.S. and the U.K. are relatively absent (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). This means that venture capitalists can neither show what methods of financing they can offer to entrepreneurs and neither can prospective entrepreneurs show their business ventures to venture capitalists (Chapter 4: Business Environment 2012, pp. 27-33). In the end, th is creates a situation that is not at all conducive towards the development of any form of venture capital financing operation within the Saudi Arabia and explains why the amount of venture capital funding is so low within the country despite the size of its economy. Entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia and the local Stock Market Aside from venture capital investments, another alternative to financing the expansion of a business venture has been through the use of the stock market. In regions such as the U.S., U.K., and several parts of Asia, posting their company on the local stock market has been an effective method by which entrepreneurs of mid-sized corporations have been able to garner sufficient funds in a rather efficient manner. Unfortunately, in the case of Saudi Arabia, it has been noted that despite the fact that the local stock market has actually improved by 50% as a source of funding for businesses, most of this has been primarily isolated to large scale enterprises and has b arely been used to finance start up businesses (Bradley 2005, pp. 1- 22). One of the reasons behind this is the apparent lack of a specific market that can cater for the needs of the start up businesses. Consequently, this prevents various Saudi entrepreneurs from accessing needed funds for expansion as compared to their counterparts within the G20 countries. From a certain perspective, it can be assumed that due to the current predilection of Saudi entrepreneurs to view the stock market as a novelty exclusively for the rich rather than alternative method of funding, resulting to a situation in which the ability of the stock market to raise capital for the entrepreneurs is greatly hampered. Studies such as those seen in the report â€Å"Saudi Arabia business forecast report Q3 2012† (2012, pp. 1-51) have indicated that despite the 90% rise in the usage of Saudi Arabian stock market, start up businesses continue to have a relatively low profile in it due to an insufficient amo unt of information regarding the process of registration, compliance and how the stock market works in general (Saudi Arabia business forecast report Q3 2012 2012, pp. 1-51) It is based on this that the report recommends a greater degree of government assistance in the form of information campaigns so as to educate local entrepreneurs regarding the various advantages of posting their company on the stock market (Saudi Arabia business forecast report Q3 2012 2012, pp. 1-51). Common problems that prevent Saudi entrepreneurs from obtaining finance. Hussain and Yaqub (2010, pp. 22-28) note that as it is common when an entrepreneur wants to access loan from a financial institutions, the financial institutions subject the entrepreneur through a series of checks. This entails giving a business plan that shows the ability of the business to repay loans. In situations in which the business plan does not depict the ability of the business to generate the revenue that can support the repayment of the loan, the request is turned down. The challenge sometimes is not in developing business plan, but rather the ability to write a good business plan that highlights the major strengths of the business. From this section it can be seen that entrepreneurs have limited sources of capital (Hussain and Yaqub 2010, pp. 22-28). The few sources of capital that exists are meant for large-scale businesses, and not necessarily for the upcoming entrepreneurs. As it has been highlighted, most entrepreneurs obtain the much needed capital from their ‘families’. This implies that those entrepreneurs who come from families that are not well-off find it more difficult to procure the much needed capital. Additionally, it can be inferred that the financial institutions are not very friendly to the upcoming entrepreneurs and, unless the government institutes measures to facilitate easier access to loan for the entrepreneurs, the level of growth of the private investments will continue to be low. SOURCES OF FINANCE CHALLENGES Families Most ladies are getting educated and becoming very independent and they don’t want to get married. Some families are not very well-off such that they can facilitate financing for the entrepreneurs. Banks They prefer dealing with large scale businesses as opposed to financing small scale businesses. The banks ask for a lot of requirement from the entrepreneurs seeking loans for capital. Public Aid Programs Apparently the fund does not provide enough resources that can provide the much needed capital to the entrepreneurs. Venture capitalist Lack of venture capitalists in Saudi Arabia that can provide the much needed capital to the entrepreneurs Local stock market It is biased in favour of large scale enterprises as opposed to the upcoming business ventures Methodology Aims Wahyuni (2012, pp. 69-80) contends that a research should have objectives. In this regard this research is supposed to consider the f ollowing objectives. Firstly, the research is supposed to investigate the sources of finance for start-up businesses in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the research will also look into the bottlenecks that the entrepreneurs face when it comes to accessing sources of finance. The other objective will be to explore the various opportunities and challenges, which the entrepreneurs have to face when it comes to accessing finance from the financial institutions. In order to achieve those objectives the research will seek to address the following questions: Where do the successful business starters in Saudi Arabia get their capital from? What challenges do business start-ups encounter when financing their ventures? What can business start-ups do to avoid failure when sourcing out capital for their ventures? Study Design Given the nature of this research, the most appropriate research design that will be adopted for this paper is the qualitative research (Bansal Corley 2012, pp. 509-513). Th is will enable the researcher to have open ended questions that will help in generating of information regarding the challenges which the entrepreneurs face in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the use of qualitative research method enables the researcher to have fewer participants which enable a more thorough approach to be adopted. Additionally, the information will be derived from both the primary and secondary sources. The sample participants for this study will be drawn from those individuals who have been involve in business venture in Saudi Arabia, and those who have been involved in the bank’s lending system. This will aid in getting the necessary information regarding the challenges that Saudi entrepreneurs face in an attempt to obtain finance for their fledgling businesses. The number of participants will be limited to thirty individuals from the cities of Jeddah and Mecca. This is because qualitative research uses a limited number of participants (Bansal Corley 2012, pp. 50 9-513). Furthermore, the participants must have attempted to get financing from the financial institutions and failed. The participant must exclusively own or owned a business venture. Another condition for the participant is that they must have complied with the regulations regarding application for financing, including submitting a business plan. It must also be acknowledged that if any information leaks to the financial institutions it might result to victimization of those participants. For this reason, the information should be kept securely so that it cannot be accessed by people who might victimize the participants. Data Collection Process As indicated earlier, the participants for this study will be drawn from both the entrepreneurial side and the banks’ lending system. Some of the questions which could be posed to the individuals in the banking sector will be on the number of loan requests by the entrepreneurs that were rejected and those that were accepted. The rese archer will also probe those participants so that he can have a glimpse at the reasons that led to either the cancellation or the acceptance of those loan requests. It must also be noted that the participants will be interviewed individually to enhance the confidentiality of the research. The participants will be instrumental in helping to unravel the challenges that the entrepreneurs face when it comes to accessing finance. Additionally, the questions that will be presented to the participants will be open-ended to enhance the ability of the research to generate a lot of information. Reliability of the interview data will be tested by comparing the variables under study with similar variables from previous studies while the validity will be tested by determining the extent to which the information concurs with global financing approaches. The interviews will be conducted on weekends to ensure that most of the participants will not be held up in their jobs, which could preclude them from attending the sessions. Another important thing which will be highlighted to the participants pertains to the confidentiality of their responses. This will encourage the participants to be more genuine with their responses. The preferred study technique for this research will be cross-sectional. This will be informed by the fact that this study is meant to unravel information which can be used in future when carrying out research on the same issue (Wahyuni 2012, pp. 69-80). Additionally, the time as well as the resources allocated for this research are vey limited and does not allow for the use of longitudinal technique. The data collected from this research will be analysed using data reduction techniques. This entails sifting through the data to determine those that are relevant to the issue being considered. Reference List Ahmad, S 2011, Businesswomen in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Characteristic, growth patterns and progression in a regional context, Equality, Diversity Inclusion, 30, 7, pp. 610-614, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Apparel Retail Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia 2012, Apparel Retail Industry Profile: Saudi Arabia, pp. 1-25, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. 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