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The Efficacy And Metabolic Profile Of Bipolar Disorder

A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Metabolic Profile of Lurasidone in the Treatment of Depression in Bipolar Disorder MSc in Psychiatry 2015 Dissertation by Giles Osborne BA BSc MA(Oxon) Department of Psychiatry, Cardiff Medical School, Cardiff, CF14 4XN Main Body Word Count 18,885 May 2015 DECLARATION / STATEMENTS PAGE DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed----------------------------- (G R Osborne) Date---------------------------------------- STATEMENT 1 This thesis is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc (Psychiatry) Signed---------------------------- (G R†¦show more content†¦Signed--------------------------- (G R Osborne) Date----------------------------------- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Mr Jon Ford BSc MSc and Dr Chris Lee MBBS PhD for the proofreading of this paper. I would particularly like to thank Dr Chris Lee for inspiring me to undertake this MSc. Dedicated to Obi, even though he may not have the cognitive construct of self. ABBREVIATIONS ADL: Activities of Daily Living AE: Adverse Event ANCOVA: Analysis of Covariance ANOVA: Analysis of Variance BDNF: Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor BMI: Body Mass Index BPD: Bipolar Disorder CGI-BP: Clinical Global Impressions Scale CGI-BP-C: Clinical Global Impressions Scale - Bipolar-Change Scale CGI-BP-S: Clinical Global Impressions Scale - Bipolar-Severity Scale CI: Confidence Interval CVD: Cardiovascular Disease DB: Database df: Degrees of Freedom DSM IV/ 5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders versions 4 or 5 EMA: European Medicines Agency EPSE: Extrapyramidal Side Effects EU: European Union FPG: Fasting Plasma Glucose FDA: Food and Drug Administration FDC: Fixed Dose Combination GLP: Good Laboratory Practice HAM-D: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale HR: Hazard Ratio ICD 10: International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision ICH-GCP: International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practices IFG: Impaired Fasting Glucose

History of Sox - 2875 Words

History of Sarbanes Oxley and the Reasons for Enactment Virginia Knight Student ID: 6892460166 Accounting Capstone Senior Seminar in Accounting ACC 499 006016 Spring 2009 Submitted to: Professor Tee Thein June 19, 2009 Abstract: In 2002 the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed. This is a mandatory act that all organizations, large and small, must comply with. This legislation introduced major changes to the regulation of financial practice and corporate governance. There are eleven titles to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The act is named after its main architect, Representative Michael Oxley and Senator Paul Sarbanes. Former President Bush is quoted saying that it is intended to â€Å"deter and punish corporate and accounting fraud and†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The results noted a distinct difference between companies that had reached compliance with SOX and those that had not.† CHAPTER 2 Eleven Titles of SOX The objective of the eleven titles of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is to ensure that auditors remain independent; corporations and auditors are accountable to the public for the numbers they publish; an independent body governs financial reporting processes; sufficient measures are in place to deter fraudulent activity; financial activities are transparent enough to allow fraud detection to occur; and if fraud is detected, someone is held responsible. Public Company Accounting Oversights Board Section 101 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act establishes the Public Company Accounting Oversights Board (PCAOB). The Board consists of five financially-literate members that are appointed for five-year terms. Three of these members must not be a CPA currently nor have been one in the past. The other two members must be, previously or currently, a certified public accountant. The main focus of this Board is (1) to register along with discipline accounting firms that prepare audit reports on companies that are public; (2) conduct inspections and/or investigations of registered accounting firms that audit public companies; and (3) establish audit and accounting standards. Auditor Independence Sections 201, 203 and 204 outline theShow MoreRelatedSports Stars: 1919 Black Sox Scandal Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesbaseball played on the computer, baseball’s tradition is directly related to America’s history. The Black Sox Scandal was probably the most famous scandal in the history of baseball. Although betting on baseball and having â€Å"fixed† games in the regular season was â€Å"normal† in the early 20th century this was something no one had ever seen. The Scandal occurred in 1919 when 8 of the players from the Chicago White Sox had lost the World Series to Cincinnati Reds. â€Å"Shoeless† Joe Jackson, Eddie Cicotte,Read MoreSarbanes Oxley Memo1410 Words   |  6 Pagesconsultants for Ancher Public Trading (APT), Learning Team A would like to discuss the implications of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) legislation. This memorandum provides a brief history of SOX ¡Ã‚ ¦s creation, explains the relationship amongst the FASB, SEC and PCAOB, describes the pros and cons of SOX, assesses the impacts of SOX, and lists ethical considerations of SOX. History of SOX - the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is legislation in response to the high profile financial scandals, such as seen with EnronRead MoreYankees vs. Red Sox844 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Three Argumentation and Persuasion Despite the die-hard commitment of many Boston Red Sox fans, the New York Yankees remain, by far, the most accomplished team in Major League Baseball. The rivalry between New York and Boston is not a new phenomenon at all. This resentment has existed since shortly after the first ever World Series game in 1903. It all began in December of 1920 when the Red Sox sold player, Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees, which would come to be known as the Curse ofRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley ( Sox ) Act Of 20021617 Words   |  7 PagesSarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002. A brief historical summary of SOX will be presented, including the events leading up to its passage. The key ethical components of SOX will be identified and explained. The social responsibility implications of the mandatory publication of corporate ethics will be assessed. One of the main criticisms of SOX has been its implementation costs, and this specific criticism will be addressed in regards to smaller organizations. Finally, potential improvements to the SOX legislationRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002 Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction There have been several breaches of ethical conduct since the passing of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This Act was placed into law to protect the consumer against fraudulent activity by organizations. This paper will provide a brief history of the law and discuss some of the ethical components and social implications on corporations. This research will provide information on how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act affects smaller organizations and how it encourages employees to inform of wrong doingsRead MoreThe Black Sox Scandal : A Fix Game Against The Chicago White Sox1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Sox Scandal is a fix game against the Chicago White Sox and the Cincinnati Reds. This game was fixed by eight players from the Chicago White Sox. Players felt like they were not getting paid enough and their coach was treating them badly. The 1919 World Series was a game that changed baseball forever. There became a point where the line between ball players and gamblers were blurred. In 1919, the Chicago white coach Charles Comiskey was the main cause of The Black Sox Scandal. If coachRead MoreThe Boston Red Sox Won The World Series For The First Time1458 Words   |  6 Pages In 2004 the Boston Red Sox won the World Series for the first time in 86 years. The Chicago Cubs won the World Series in 2016 to end a 108 year championship drought. What do they have in common? The teams both had a success in the early 20th century, but both blundered for extensive amounts of time before winning another world championship. Both had to overcome a huge deficit to complete their championship winning seasons. Both teams were coming off a successful season the year before, and hadRead MoreEssay on The 1919 Black Sox Scandal740 Words   |  3 PagesThe 1919 Black Sox Scandal The 1919 World Series resulted in the most famous scandal in baseball history. Eight players from the Chicago White Sox (later nicknamed the Black Sox) were accused of throwing the series against the Cincinnati Reds. Details of the scandal and the extent to which each man was involved have always been unclear. It was, however, front-page news across the country and, despite being acquitted of criminal charges, the players were banned from professional baseballRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20021525 Words   |  7 Pages2002 (Cheeseman, 2013). Congress ordered the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX Act) to shield customers from the fraudulent exercises of significant partnerships. This paper will give a brief history of the SOX Act, portray how it will shield general society from fraud inside of partnerships, and give a presumption to the viability of the capacity of the demonstration to shield purchasers from future frauds. History of the SOX Act Congress established the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which is otherwiseRead MoreThe Black Sox Scandal : A Fix Game Against The Chicago White Sox1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Sox Scandal is a fix game against the Chicago White Sox and the Cincinnati Reds. This game was fixed by eight players from the Chicago White Sox. Players felt like they were not getting paid enough and their coach was treating them badly. The 1919 World Series was a game that changed baseball forever. There became a point where the line between ball players and gamblers were blurred. In 1919, the Chicago white coach Charles Comiskey was the main cause of The Black Sox Scandal. If coach

Reflection Paper On Health Care Delivery - 1489 Words

Reflection Paper Introduction: Health care delivery in America has a unique approach. I worked as a Dentist in India and gradually developed an interest in Health Care Administration, which is why I have selected MHA to pursue my career as a manager or administrator in a health care setting. Eventually, I did some research on scope and importance of managers in Health Care settings. Consequently, I have found that U.S Health Care model has been followed and recognized globally. Additionally, I will learn knowledge and global exposure related to health care. Hence, I have chosen to pursue MHA in U.S by calculating benefits. This paper is about my learning experience from the course theoretically and practically throughout the semester. In the beginning of the semester, I struggled in getting accustomed to the climate, culture and educational system, as they were totally different than in India. I was hesitant to ask any doubts I had in mind. Eventually, I have developed the courage to talk, discuss and ask the things which I should know. Gradually, I have improvised my communications skills and abilities, which are main skills for any managerial position in any field. The assignments that are structured in the course made me developed the communication skills. Mainly, the interview report of personnel in a health care setting made me enlightened by letting me know the scope and nature of the job position which I might like to choose as inShow MoreRelatedThe United Kingdom s National Health Service Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesculture, decision-making processes as well as organizational learning just to mention a few. The United Kingdom’s National Health Service is an organization that primarily helps citi zens be in charge of their health care. The group started with the principles that quality healthcare should be available to all regardless of their social status, in this event, easy access to health care. NHS has over 64 million people enrolled and deals with over 1 million patients every 36 hours. The organization employsRead MoreTechnology Affects Our Lives And The World981 Words   |  4 Pagessocially, but mentally and physically to renovate health care. With technology, physicians’ can digitize humans making it possible to monitor every heartbeat, blood pressure, body temperature, glucose level, the rate and depth of our breathing, brain waves, oxygen concentration, and muscle activity, all the things that make us tick as living beings. By interning at Sector-Wide Health, a healthcare company, our mission is to empower physicians and health care professionals to take the leap and move forwardRead MoreEssay on Evolution of Health Care Information Systems1299 Words    |  6 PagesEvolution of Health Care Information Systems Dimetria Major HCS/533 March 29, 2013 Suzie Mays Evolution of Health Care Information System Health care has come a long way in technology for the past, implementing new technology has made the health care industry grow in size. Major events of health care have paved the way for future technologies influence the physicians, administrators, clinicians, andRead MoreReflection: Surgery and Reflective Practice1110 Words   |  5 Pagesother options are considered and reflection upon experience to examine what you would do if the situation arose again (Gibbs 1998). Unlike many other models (with the exception of Boud) Gibbs model takes in to account the realm of feelings and emotions, which played a part in a particular event. My rationale for using the reflection framework to the clinical encounter is to try and demonstrate my ability to link theory to practice during the process of reflection. I also choose the Gibbs model toRead MoreKeeping Healthcare Affordable For All Citizens Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pagesall citizens is important. Every person in this country sho uld have the basic right to health care. The article Rights to Healthcare in the United States: Inherently Unstable discuss the rights people should have for healthcare as well as how Medicare and Medicaid came about. This paper discusses some points I agreed with in the article and different ways our country can improve health care. Reflection Paper Module Three After four decades of failure to enact a universal healthcare program, advocatesRead MorePersonal Reflection Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Program Reflection Answer the following questions about your overall BSHA program experience. Your responses should be a minimum of 100 words each. Use the following program outcomes as a guide, when necessary: 1. Graduates will be able to identify the structure and role of delivery systems within the health care industry. 2. Graduates will be able to examine the components of management and leadership within health care organizations. 3. Graduates will be ableRead MoreIntroduction To Health Informatics Course Has Provided A Broad Range Of Health Information1051 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper The Intro to Health Informatics course has provided a broad range of health information that introduces the core concepts in the biomedical community. Throughout this course, my learning experience in health informatics has advance, for I was able to learn a list of materials including: the relationship of biomedical informatics and its related field; the roles of informatics in decision support systems and related health IT applications; and the importance of biomedicine and theRead MoreThe Health Care Delivery System Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesjust a job; it is a professional career requiring commitment† (p. 17). This paper will discuss the following topics: The Health Care Delivery system, Professionalism, Health Ethics, Teamwork and Collaboration, and Health Law; and how they relate to the case study, as they are critical aspects of the nursing profession and its very important to understand and apply them in my future practice. In todays’ health care delivery system, nurses are the ones who spend the majority of their time with the patientRead MoreSubstance Abuse In America Case Study780 Words   |  4 Pagesare continuing to worry about the solution to the substance abuse, use and misuse problems that has made a huge impact on their families. Because of this substance issue, The West Virginia Bureau for Behavioral Health and Health Facilities in partnership with West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources asked SAMSHA to play a role in creating a strategic plan to address this issue. Together a 5-year plan was established and a mission statement was developed. All stakeholders were invitedRead MoreDiscrimination in Health Care1218 Words   |  5 PagesReflection and Professional Growth Journal As a resident of downtown and a registered nurse, I now feel an individual does not have to venture across the world into a war torn, displaced third world community to see human disparity as it is evident only footsteps away. To say the least, my experience at Streetworks has been absolutely incredible. It has been a great eye opening experience that I believe would be unforgettable to any individual fortunate enough to have such an opportunity. Significant

Creative writing †A New Life Free Essays

string(30) " light then went down stairs\." â€Å"So then Tom,† his mother wept, â€Å"don’t worry. I’ll see you again.† Tom was shocked, he’d never seen his mother cry before. We will write a custom essay sample on Creative writing – A New Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even when Dad left to help in the army, she had been very strong. â€Å"But-but Mum,† he bit his lip, holding back his tears, â€Å"I don’t want to go.† â€Å"I know, don’t worry,† then she started to cry more heavily while singing â€Å"We’ll meet again† to him, his favourite song. Suddenly, a whistle rang loudly through his head, so Tom reluctantly stepped on to the train, his name tag round his neck and watched while his mother grew further and further away until she was no longer visible through his tears. Tom calmed himself down and tried as hard as he could to find the positive points to this situation. Well, at least he was safe from being blown to smithereens. That was all he could think of. He wasn’t even going to start with the negative points. â€Å"Hello there, â€Å"a small boy who looked about eight had just come into the compartment, â€Å"I can’t wait, this will be great. Such a brilliant holiday, Dad said it will be fun. I don’t know why he hasn’t come with me, though.† Tom hadn’t the heart to tell him that he’d probably never see his father again. â€Å"My name’s William, what’s yours?† The little boy said. â€Å"Tom, nice to meet you William,† he felt terrible, â€Å"so, do you know where we’re going?† â€Å"No, but it will be good,† said William excitedly. The door to the compartment slid open and a girl Tom’s age came in. She was pale and looked very ill. She sat down and started mumbling to herself, tears rolling down her cheeks. â€Å"Why are you crying, â€Å"William laughed, â€Å"this is terribly exciting. Holiday!† â€Å"What on earth are you talking about,† the girl wept, â€Å"we’ll never see our parents again. This is no holiday, we’re being evacuated to the country.† â€Å"I will see my Dad again,† William argued. â€Å"No you won’t, trust me,† she was right and William was starting to realise the truth. Suddenly, his bottom lip started to shake and he burst into tears. The girl took the boy into her arms and tried to comfort him the best that she could. â€Å"My name’s Harriet,† she told Tom. â€Å"I’m Tom†¦ hi ,† he replied. There was a long awkward silence between the two of them while William started to get to grips with the situation and settle down. â€Å"That’s William,† Tom explained to Harriet â€Å"Oh, the poor little boy,† she was starting to cry again, â€Å"he’s too young for things like this to be happening to him. It’s terrible!† For the next few minutes they sat silently looking out of the window. Later, they each took a small lunch out of their bags and compared what they had. â€Å"Bread and butter with a lump of cheese,† Tom was very pleased with his lunch, â€Å"and an apple!† â€Å"I’ve got some cheese and cold sausages,† said William happily. â€Å"Oh mother!† she looked disappointed, â€Å"she knows I hate grapes. I’ll swap them for your apple Tom.† They ate happily chatting to each other about the lives they were leaving behind and dreaming about the lives they were leaving for. Some of their ideas were very far-fetched but none of them had been out of the city before and so didn’t have a clue about what would happen. Shortly after, they, one by one dozed off. â€Å"Right everyone!† the guard was walking down the train banging on the doors of all the compartments, â€Å"come on, time to get off.† Tom, Harriet and William collected their luggage and stepped off the train, staying close to each other. They were checked by a tall man and then led into a town hall. â€Å"Boys on the left, girls on the right!† a small plump lady was hurrying the children along to the front of the hall where lots of adults were waiting and taking a close look at every child, â€Å"quiet please† The lady then started to read out names and appointing children to a family. â€Å"Harriet Mendal to Mr Magda please,† and so Harriet walked head down to her new father. A few seconds later William was called out and sent to a Mrs Walner. â€Å"Tom Fritz to Mr and Mrs Grundle,† the lady read out and so Tom was handed over to a grumpy looking man and a sympathetic looking woman. They were a middle aged couple wearing farmer’s clothes that he’d seen in a newspaper once. â€Å"Hello Tom,† said Mrs Grundle smiling then turned to her husband, â€Å"well, say hello then John† â€Å"Hello boy, well let’s get on home then,† he didn’t look at all happy about taking in Tom in. â€Å"So Tom,† Mrs Grundle seemed very nice, â€Å"how old are you?† â€Å"I’m , er, thirteen,† he replied feeling very uncomfortable for the duration of the walk to his new house. It would be his new house but definitely not his home. Soon they came to a large stone house next to a field and a pig pen. â€Å"Well boy,† Mr Grundle grumbled, â€Å"get upstairs and into bed quickly.† Mr Grundle seemed to be trying to make it very obvious to Tom that he already didn’t like him. Putting this thought behind him, he followed Mrs Grundle up the stairs and into a huge room. Inside, there was a bed, a chest of drawers and a wardrobe. There was a lot of empty space that made the room feel even bigger. â€Å"Here you are Tom.† Mrs Grundle told him, â€Å"now, breakfast will be at seven o’ clock. After that, you’ll help John, Mr Grundle to you, on the farm until two o’ clock, then have lunch. Once you’ve finished your lunch you’ll help out with the pigs until six o’ clock when you can have dinner then go to bed at eight. I know it sounds hard work but I’m sure you’ll get used to it, okay?† Tom nodded, changed, then got into bed. It was warm an comfy and made him think of his mother â€Å"Goodnight Tom,† whispered Mrs Grundle as she turned off the light then went down stairs. You read "Creative writing – A New Life" in category "Papers" Tom slept very badly that night. He kept dreaming of his mother and the Germans dropping bombs on her house, leaving him here with Mr and Mrs Grundle for the rest of his life. He got up when the alarm clock on the drawers next to his bed read six forty-five. He got changed and walked down the stairs. He entered the kitchen and was blinded by a dazzling light coming through the window. It was a beautiful, sunny day. â€Å"What’s wrong boy?† Mr Grundle laughed, â€Å"never seen sunlight before?† â€Å"Never as bright as this sir,† Tom told him, â€Å"it’s dazzling.† â€Å"Been in the city too long, I reckon,† said Mr Grundle unhappily, while sitting down at the table, lighting a pipe and reading the paper. A breakfast of egg and bacon was laid out in front of him. â€Å"Good morning Tom,† greeted Mrs Grundle, â€Å"here’s your breakfast.† She placed another plate of bacon and egg before him. â€Å"Thank you ma’am,† said Tom politely. â€Å"Oh nonsense!† giggled Mrs Grundle, â€Å"please call me Joan!† Tom put a bit of bacon in his mouth and chewed. It was absolutely delicious. It was bursting with flavour and fit for a king. He savoured every mouthful. Then he turned his attention to the egg. He cut it like a surgeon, hoping it would be as good as the bacon. It most definitely did. The yolk melted in his mouth, it was delicious. As quickly as the pleasure had started, it stopped and Tom was sad to see an empty plate. â€Å"Right lad,† boomed Mr Grundle, † let’s see if you can deal with a good day’s work, eh. You’ll be begging to stop before the first hour’s up no doubt.† â€Å"I’ll try my best sir, really I will,† Tom still couldn’t understand why Mr Grundle didn’t like him. They walked outside and opened the door to a large shed. Tom was amazed at how many tools and potentially dangerous things there were in there. He was passed a sythe then taken into the field and shown briefly how to use it properly. â€Å"Now,† said Mr Grundle, â€Å"seeing as it’s harvest time, I don’t want you mucking this up. I want you cut this wheat from the bottom along these two rows, tie it up into bundles with that string next to the tractor then load it onto the wagon. Got that?† â€Å"Yes sir,† Tom wasn’t looking forward to this. For the next three hours Tom cut the wheat, tied it up and loaded it all onto the wagon. He was sweating like the pigs when Mr Grundle decided he could do another row of wheat. â€Å"Get your back into it boy!† shouted Mr Grundle at regular intervals. Finally, Tom finished and watched as Mr Grundle struggled with his tractor. He wanted to get the wheat down to his friends farm. â€Å"Damn thing won’t start,† he wasn’t pleased, â€Å"come on Rusty. Oh I’ll have lunch first.† They went inside and sat down at the kitchen table. Mrs Grundle laid a plate of sausage and egg in front of him. Tom ate it slowly. â€Å"See those eggs lad?† growled Mr Grundle, â€Å"come from the finest chickens, they do.† â€Å"Eggs don’t come from chickens, do they?† asked Tom cautiously looking at the eggs disgustingly. â€Å"Of course they do,† laughed Mr Grundle, â€Å"where do you think they come from? Weren’t you taught that in the city?† Tom pushed away his plate as though he was scared of the eggs. â€Å"What’s wrong boy?† Mr Grundle shouted at Tom, â€Å"won’t eat? Well, I’ll do something about that.† â€Å"Now John, don’t do anything-† Mrs Grundle tried to reason with him. â€Å"You stay out of this woman!† Mr Grundle exploded. He dragged Tom up to his room in a fit of rage and threw him on the floor. He picked Tom up again and hit him hard. Tom screamed. He was hit again, and again, and again until he was bruised all over. â€Å"We provide hospitality,† spat Mr Grundle, â€Å"and you throw it back in our face. You should try to be a bit more grateful!† Mr Grundle hit Tom one more time, then dragged him outside to the pig sty. â€Å"Feed the bloody pigs, then wait out here until dinner and you will eat it! Got that boy!?!† Tom fed the pigs then waited. He stared at Mr Grundles broken down tractor and an idea arose in his head. Tom remembered that before his father had went to help with the war he had taught Tom how to fix a broken down car. Would a tractor be the same? Maybe if he fixed the tractor, Mr Grundle would like him. Tom would need tools. His dad had loads because he was a mechanic. â€Å"Get in here boy!† shouted Mr Grundle from the back door. Tom ate slowly then went to bed early to avoid Mr Grundle and another one of his beatings. Over the next few days Tom tried as hard as he could to stay out of Mr Grunde’s way for as long as possible. Every week Tom was shown a new tool from the shed and he took a mental note of what else was in there and whether he would need it for the tractor. One night, when Mr Grundle was in the house talking to Mrs Grundle, Tom had a look under the bonnet of the tractor. There was hardly anything wrong with it, this would be an easy job. He would only need a few tools. â€Å"Boy,† Mr Grundle called him inside surprisingly quietly, â€Å"get in here. Something’s happened.† â€Å"What is it sir?† asked Tom anxiously. â€Å"It’s your parents Tom, â€Å"whispered Mrs Grundle, â€Å"Our father has been killed and your mothers house†¦bombed. A direct hit. I’m so sorry Tom.† Tom was speechless. He felt as though he had hit in the stomach by Mr Grundle all over again. He walked outside almost in a trance, and was violently sick in the pig pen. When he felt better, he lay on the ground looking up at the night sky. Tom didn’t cry, he couldn’t cry, not yet. He had just dried up and shrivelled away from the real world and he didn’t feel as though he would ever return. Mrs Grundle opened the back door slowly and crept out to Tom, leaving her husband looking uncomfortably out of the window. â€Å"Come on Tom,† she said softly, â€Å"let’s get you to bed.† Tom didn’t know what he was doing, he just followed silently. Tom didn’t leave hi room for the next two days. All of his meals were brought up to him by Mrs Grundle. Tom could finally cry, and did so , heavily. The next day, Tom awoke and felt that it was now time to take a step out of his room, go downstairs and out the door to work. He worked tirelessly without breakfast. When he was directed by Mr Grundle to collect a large bag of seeds, he slipped under his shirt a spanner, a screwdriver and a ranch. He sneaked them up to his room at lunch. â€Å"What are you doing up there boy?† shouted Mr Grundle impatiently, â€Å"come on, let’s get back to work. â€Å"Coming,† Tom replied and ran downstairs. Tonight was the night, he would fix that tractor. He did his work hurriedly until another dinner of eggs, that he was now getting used to, then went to bed. Tom somehow kept himself awake until e was sure that Mr and Mrs Grundle were in bed. He crept outside in the dark and fixed the tractor as quickly as he could. He ran inside feeling very pleased with when he was greeted by a very red Mr Grundle. â€Å"Good evening boy,† he said as calmly as he could, â€Å"what are you doing outside at this time of night?† Tom stayed silent. â€Å"Well boy?. Answer me!† Mr Grundle spat. â€Å"I was fixing your tractor sir,† Tom turned white as he watched Mr Grundle’s face burst into a nasty laugh. â€Å"Oh, is that right? Well, let’s have a look at your handy work then shall we? â€Å"Mr Grundle dragged Tom outside into the cold night. He was placed on top of a haystack next to the tractor. Tom watched Mr Grundle get in the drivers seat and turn the key. Mr Grundle’s face fell when he heard a loud roar and his tractor started. He was absolutely gobsmacked. He got down off the tractor and let his hand fall on Tom’s shoulder. â€Å"You’re a genius lad,† Mr Grundle’s face broke into a smile, â€Å"oh lad. Thank you so, so much. Come on, let’s get inside and back to bed.† The next day, Tom woke up, got change and bounced down the stairs with a large spring in his step. â€Å"Tom,† Mrs Grundle said carefully, â€Å"now, because of your parents, er, well, we’ve been asked to take care of you, would that be okay with you? We would be happy to take you in.† â€Å"Of course Joan,† Tom was actually pleased to be asked to stay. â€Å"You realise that you will have to stay for a long time, don’t you?† asked Mr Grundle, â€Å"as I get older, I’ll need more help on the farm, is that clear, Tom?† â€Å"That would be great,† Tom knew he would be fine, Mr Grundle had just called him by his real name. How to cite Creative writing – A New Life, Papers

Chemistry Open Book Paper Essay Example For Students

Chemistry Open Book Paper Essay Atomic spectroscopy is a chemical analysis technique and it is used to identify what elements are in a compound. It uses the idea of a photon being absorbed or emitted whenever an electron changes from one energy level to another. The diagram below shows sodium salt being sprinkled onto a flame and yellow light being emitted. Emission spectra are produced by thin gases in which the atoms do not experience many collisions (because of the low density). The emission of yellow light occurs because the electrons of the sodium salt have been promoted to a higher electronic energy state but have then fallen back down and emitted the energy as an electromagnetic wave, in the wavelength corresponding to yellow which is ? 600 nm. The more intense that the yellow band is the more abundant the sodium salt present. We will write a custom essay on Chemistry Open Book Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The diagram (left) shows an atomic excitationcaused by the absorption of a photon and an atomicde-excitation caused by emission of a photon. In each case the wavelength of the emitted or absorbedlight is exactly such that the photon carries the energydifference between the two orbits. This energy may becalculated by multiplying the Plank constant by thewavelength of the light. Thus, an atom can absorbor emit only certain discrete wavelengths(or equivalently, frequencies or energies). This diagram shows white light being shone through sodium vapour and the resulting spectra on a board. An absorption spectrum occurs when light passes through a cold, dilute gas and atoms in the gas absorb at characteristic frequencies; since the re-emitted light is unlikely to be emitted in the same direction as the absorbed photon, this gives rise to dark lines (absence of light) in the spectrum. Absorption spectroscopy can only be carried on a substance in solution or gaseous form. The presence of the dark band shows that the sodium vapour had absorbed the light in the yellow region. Sodium salt has absorbed energy but it is not re-emitted or just not re-emitted efficiently and so the wavelength of the light increases, leaving the observed dark band where yellow was expected. The Sun appears yellow because that is the main wavelength the sun emits radiation at. This is shown in a graphically below. For each hot object there is a corresponding colours. Those stars with colours of lower wavelengths are lower in temperatures. For example something that appears red has a temperature of ? 3000 K. But something blue has a temperature of ? 10000 K. So finding the predominant colour of the sun then its temperature could be determined. The Suns spectrum resembles that of something around 5000 K. By studying the emission spectra captured on the photographic film for dark bands , the composition can be found. Because interstellar clouds have a temperature of between 10-50 K, radiation emitted has much shorter wavelengths, so different techniques to the ones above have to be used. The wavelengths are in fact in the order of 0.001 m so the can be picked up by radio telescopes on earth. Here is a picture of one below. A neutral hydrogen atom (H I) consists of 1 proton and 1 electron. The proton and electron spin like tops with their spin axes either parallel or anti-parallel. When hydrogen atoms switch from the parallel to the anti-parallel configuration they emit radio waves with a wavelength of 21 centimetres and a corresponding frequency of exactly 1420 MHz. This is called the 21-centimetre line. Thus, radio telescopes tuned to this frequency can be used to map the great clouds of neutral hydrogen found in interstellar space. Radio telescopes identify which elements are present and how abundant they are and then the conditions are replicated here on earth. But this requires keeping the elements in gaseous form at low temperatures (as low as 7 K) without condensing. This requires using CRESU apparatus .It takes advantage of the flow properties of gaseous expansions from convergent-divergent Laval nozzles into low-pressure environments, producing a flow of gas, which is uniform in temperature, density and velocity, and carries on for hundreds of millimetres and hundreds of microseconds after leaving the nozzle exit. Frequent collisions occur during the controlled expansion within the nozzle .The expansion is slow enough to maintain thermal equilibrium, but rapid enough that condensation is avoided. A uniform, collimated flow results at the exit of the nozzle. This uniform supersonic flow provides a good environment in which to perform experiments on collisional processes at extremely low temperatures. .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .postImageUrl , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:hover , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:visited , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:active { border:0!important; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:active , .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1 .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uab0997ecb30284e2c04a0d0115bb72f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: social responsibility of business EssayThe said gas is made up of three components: the source of the radicals (which are to be broken up by a generating laser), a molecule to react with the radicals and a chemically inert gas to carry the other two gases. Removal of the radicals is followed by another laser which exites the radical and fluorescence can be observed .The rate constant can be determined by increasing the time delay between the generating laser and the detecting laser because the fluorescence will fall as the radical is being removed due to reaction. AbstractA photon is absorbed when an electron is raised to a higher energy level and emitted when falling to a lower level. Each element has discreet energy levels, which can be identified by looking at absorption and emission spectra so the composition of anything which emits radiation can be found. AcknowledgementsThe sources of additional information used were:Salters Advanced Chemistry Chemical Ideas. Internet resource pages / www.sp.uconn.eduwww.gly.ac.ukwww.csep10.phys.utk.eduEncarta 2000